High strength biomedical materials
High strength biomedical materials and processes for making the same are disclosed. Included in the disclosure are nanoporous hydrophilic solids that can be extruded with a high aspect ratio to make high strength medical catheters and other devices with lubricious and biocompatible surfaces.
1. A hydrophilic porous article, comprising:
a polymeric material formed by physically crosslinking at least one water soluble polymer to form the hydrophilic porous article, wherein the hydrophilic porous article comprises pores that each have a diameter of 1 μm or less,
wherein the hydrophilic porous article has a solids content of 33% to 90% w/w at equilibrium water content (EWC) and a Young's modulus of 5-100 MPa at EWC, and wherein the hydrophilic porous article is free of covalent crosslinks between the at least one water soluble polymer that forms the hydrophilic porous article.
2. The hydrophilic porous article of claim 1 , wherein the pores of the hydrophilic porous article include interconnected pores.
3. The hydrophilic porous article of claim 1 having an aspect ratio of at least 10:1.
4. The hydrophilic porous article of claim 1 having an aspect ratio of at least 50:1.
5. The hydrophilic porous article of claim 1 , wherein at least 50% w/w of the at least one water soluble polymer is poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA).
6. The hydrophilic porous article of claim 1 , wherein the at least one water soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(acrylic acid), polyethylene glycol, and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone).
7. The hydrophilic porous article of claim 1 , wherein the at least one water soluble polymer comprises a first hydrophilic polymer and a second hydrophilic polymer, wherein the second hydrophilic polymer is present in an amount from 1 part to 1,000 parts relative to 10,000 parts of the first hydrophilic polymer.
8. The hydrophilic porous article of claim 1 , further comprising a radiopaque agent.
9. The hydrophilic porous article of claim 1 , wherein the Young's modulus is from 10 to 100 MPa at EWC.
10. The hydrophilic porous article of claim 1 , consisting essentially of the at least one water soluble polymer and a radiopaque agent.
11. The hydrophilic porous article of claim 1 , wherein a swelling of 50% w/w or less is achieved at EWC.
12. A method for making a hydrophilic porous article, comprising:
with a polymeric mixture comprising at least one water soluble polymer and a solvent, the polymeric mixture having a concentration of at least 10% w/w of the at least one water soluble polymer, performing the steps of:
heating the polymeric mixture to achieve a temperature above the melting point of the polymeric mixture,
extruding the polymeric mixture as an article; and
removing the solvent from the extruded article at a temperature above a freezing point of the solvent until the article is a porous article, with the article being a porous article that comprises the at least one water soluble polymer, and the porous article is made without covalent crosslinking agents that form covalent crosslinks between polymers extruded to make the porous article.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein, the polymeric mixture is never heated above a boiling point of the polymeric mixture, and the polymeric mixture is extruded at temperatures below a melting point of the polymeric mixture.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one water soluble polymer comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(acrylic acid), polyethylene glycol, and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone).
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the at least one water soluble polymer comprises a first polymer at a first concentration and a second polymer at a second concentration, with the first concentration being from 10%-60% w/w and the second polymer being from 1%-10% w/w, with the w/w being the weight of the polymer relative to the total weight of all of the polymers and the solvent in the mixture.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the mixture further comprises a radiopaque agent.
17. The method of claim 12 , wherein the porous article is extruded to have an aspect ratio of at least 10:1.
18. The method of claim 12 , comprising combining the at least one water soluble polymer and the solvent while heating the polymeric mixture.
19. The method of claim 12 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, an alcohol, ethanol, an organic solvent miscible with water, and combinations thereof.
20. The method of claim 12 , wherein the article is extruded into a bath, oven, or a chamber filled with gas.
21. The method of claim 12 , wherein the solvent is removed from the extruded article without freezing the solvent.