Physical unclonable function from an integrated photonic interferometer
Systems and methods of producing unclonable devices are disclosed. Robust optical physical unclonable function devices use disordered photonic integrated circuits. Optical physical unclonable functions based on speckle patterns, chaos, or ‘strong’ disorder are so far notoriously sensitive to probing and/or environmental variations. A presently disclosed optical physical unclonable function is designed for robustness against fluctuations in optical angular/spatial alignment, polarization, and temperature using an integrated quasicrystal interferometer which sensitively probes disorder. All modes are engineered to exhibit approximately the same confinement factor in the predominant thermo-optic medium (e.g., silicon) and for constraining the transverse spatial-mode and polarization degrees of freedom. Silicon photonic quasicrystal interferometry is used for secure hardware applications.
1. Methodology for secure hardware and information security applications, comprising the steps of:
integrating a disordered photonic quasicrystal interferometer (QCI) with a single-mode filter into a silicon chip surface, for forming an optical physical unclonable function device which has an unclonable device signature, which optical physical unclonable function device is a robust device providing immunity against probing and against environmental variations; and
determining the identification of the optical physical unclonable function device based on its unclonable device signature,
wherein the QCI includes a waveguide structure having a non-repeating pattern along the length of the waveguide structure.
2. Methodology as in claim 1 , wherein the integrating step comprises providing a robust optical device using disordered photonic integrated circuits with uniform confinement factors.
3. Methodology as in claim 1 , wherein the integrating step comprises providing an integrated silicon photonic physical unclonable function based on a multiple scattering interferometer made with single-mode silicon photonic components.
4. Methodology as in claim 3 , further including operating the single-mode silicon photonic components in the near infrared.
5. Methodology as in claim 1 , wherein the disordered quasicrystal interferometer comprises a Michaelson or Mach-Zehnder type, wherein a multiple scattering element or quasicrystal is embedded in one or more paths of the interferometer.
6. Methodology as in claim 1 , wherein the disordered quasicrystal interferometer and mode filter comprises an integrated silicon photonic quasicrystal interferometer physical unclonable function architecture.
7. Methodology as in claim 6 , wherein the integrated silicon photonic quasicrystal interferometer physical unclonable function architecture comprises input/output grating couplers, single-mode waveguides, and a 50:50 directional coupler to enable pure mode filtering and stable quasicrystal interferometer device measurement in transmission.
8. Methodology as in claim 7 , wherein the integrated silicon photonic quasicrystal interferometer physical unclonable function architecture further comprises a compact y-branch which splits light into two symmetric arms, routed to respective of a pair of spiral quasicrystal arms and loop mirrors.
9. Methodology as in claim 6 , wherein the integrated silicon photonic quasicrystal interferometer physical unclonable function architecture is fabricated on standard 220 nm Si Photonics platform materials.
10. Methodology as in claim 1 , wherein said interferometer comprises integrated silicon photonic multiple scattering interferometer physical unclonable function architecture having input/output grating couplers, single-mode waveguides, and a 2×2 coupler to enable pure mode filtering and stable multiple scattering interferometer device measurement in transmission.
11. Methodology as in claim 10 , wherein said integrated silicon photonic quasicrystal interferometer physical unclonable function architecture further comprises a compact 1×2 splitter which splits light into two symmetric arms, routed to respective of a pair of spiral quasicrystal arms and loop mirrors, and said architecture is fabricated on standard 220 nm Si Photonics platform materials.
12. Methodology as in claim 1 , wherein said optical hardware comprises one of Michaelson type or Mach-Zehnder type configuration interferometers, having a multiple scattering element or quasicrystal, waveguides, and splitters or combiners.
13. Methodology as in claim 12 , wherein said optical hardware comprises a Michaelson device using a reflector to provide a return path signal.
14. Methodology as in claim 12 , wherein said interferometer includes at least one interferometer arm containing a multiple scattering element or quasicrystal.
15. Methodology as in claim 14 , wherein said interferometer includes a plurality of multiple scattering elements or quasicrystals for increased spectral complexity and sensitivity to nanoscale fabrication variations.
16. Methodology as in claim 14 , wherein said interferometer comprises a cascaded interferometer with multiple components cascaded in series.
17. Methodology as in claim 16 , having multiple outputs which are interfered together using a network of combiners.
18. Methodology as in claim 1 , further including integrating the optical physical unclonable function device into one of silicon photonics transceivers or electronic photonic microprocessors as an optical security layer thereof.
19. Methodology as in claim 1 , further including integrating the optical physical unclonable function device into one of a photonic security system-on-a-chip or optical hardware enabled encryption of communication links.
20. Methodology as in claim 1 , wherein the mode filter comprises transverse electric polarization grating couplers and single-mode waveguides.
21. Methodology as in claim 1 , wherein the optical physical unclonable function device includes weakly modulated single transverse mode waveguides with approximately uniform confinement factors.
22. Methodology as in claim 1 , wherein the step of determining the identification includes one of application of feature extraction using wavelet analysis or Hamming distance authentication.
23. Methodology as in claim 22 , wherein the feature extraction includes applying multi-level wavelet decomposition feature extraction for identification analysis.
24. Methodology as in claim 1 , wherein the step of determining the identification of the optical physical unclonable function device includes determining cryptographic keys generated from the frequency response of the optical physical unclonable function device using a tunable laser and optical meter capturing device spectra.