Battery preheating systems and methods in an aircraft hybrid electric powertrain
A battery heating system for a hybrid aircraft powertrain includes a combustion engine, a battery pack, a combustion engine coolant circuit, and a battery pack coolant circuit. The battery heating system further includes a heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the combustion engine coolant circuit and the battery pack coolant circuit. The battery heating system further includes at least one throttling device operatively connected to one of the combustion engine coolant circuit or the battery pack coolant circuit. The battery heating system further includes a controller configured to transmit a signal to the at least one throttling device to adjust a flow of coolant through the heat exchanger of at least one of the combustion engine coolant circuit or the battery pack coolant circuit.
1. A heating/cooling system for batteries in an aircraft with an internal combustion engine comprising:
a combustion engine;
a battery pack, wherein the battery pack has a battery operation temperature range comprising a first threshold temperature and a second threshold temperature higher than the first threshold temperature;
a combustion engine cooling system;
a battery pack heating system;
a battery pack cooling system; and
a controller configured to:
control at least one throttling device configured to direct waste heat from the combustion engine cooling system to the battery pack heating system to maintain a temperature of the battery pack above the first threshold temperature;
control the battery pack cooling system to maintain a temperature of the battery pack below the second threshold temperature; and
predictively adjust the battery pack temperature based on expected altitude and expected rate of climb/descent information.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the combustion engine comprises a liquid cooled piston engine, the combustion engine cooling system comprises an engine liquid coolant, and the at least one throttling device is further configured to direct the engine liquid coolant through a heat exchanger to transfer thermal energy from the engine liquid coolant to a battery liquid coolant to raise a battery liquid coolant temperature.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the combustion engine comprises an air-cooled piston engine, the combustion engine cooling system comprises an oil circulation system, and the at least one throttling device is further configured to direct oil of the oil circulation system through a heat exchanger to transfer thermal energy from the oil to a battery coolant to raise a battery coolant temperature.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the combustion engine is a turbine engine, the combustion engine cooling system comprises an oil circulation system, and the at least one throttling device is further configured to direct oil of the oil circulation system through a heat exchanger to transfer thermal energy from the oil to a battery coolant to raise a battery coolant temperature.
5. A hybrid powertrain system comprising:
a combustion engine;
a battery pack;
a combustion engine coolant circuit;
a battery pack coolant circuit;
a heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the combustion engine coolant circuit and the battery pack coolant circuit;
at least one throttling device operatively connected to one of the combustion engine coolant circuit or the battery pack coolant circuit; and
a controller configured to:
transmit a signal to the at least one throttling device to adjust a flow of coolant through the heat exchanger of at least one of the combustion engine coolant circuit or the battery pack coolant circuit; and
predictively adjust a battery pack temperature based on expected altitude and expected rate of climb/descent information.
6. The system of claim 5 , the at least one throttling device is a variable flow valve.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the variable flow valve is configured to direct a flow of combustion engine coolant in the combustion engine coolant circuit between a bypass path that bypasses the heat exchanger and a heat exchanger path that passes through the heat exchanger.
8. The system of claim 6 , wherein the variable flow valve is configured to direct a flow of battery pack coolant in the battery pack coolant circuit between a bypass path that bypasses a cooling radiator in the battery pack coolant circuit and a cooling radiator path.
9. The system of claim 6 , wherein the variable flow valve is configured to direct a flow of battery pack coolant in the battery pack coolant circuit between a bypass path that bypasses the heat exchanger and a heat exchanger path that passes through the heat exchanger.
10. The system of claim 5 , wherein the controller is further configured to determine that heat should be transferred to the battery pack based at least on one of a temperature of the battery pack, an outside air temperature, an expected outside air temperature, a current altitude, an expected altitude, or a temperature of combustion engine coolant leaving the combustion engine in the combustion engine coolant circuit.
11. The system of claim 5 , wherein the at least one throttling device is a variable flow pump in the battery pack coolant circuit or the combustion engine coolant circuit.
12. The system of claim 5 , wherein the heat exchanger comprises a combined heat exchanger and radiator.
13. The system of claim 12 , further comprising a variable airflow device controllable to cause varying airflow over the combined heat exchanger and radiator.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the variable airflow device is controllable by the controller.
15. A method for heating a battery pack of a hybrid powertrain system comprising:
receiving temperature sensor information from a battery pack temperature sensor;
determining, based at least in part on the temperature sensor information, that heat should be transferred to the battery pack to maintain the battery pack at a temperature above a predetermined threshold, wherein the determining that heat should be transferred to the battery pack further comprises determining an expected outside air temperature or expected altitude for a flight path of an aircraft that includes the hybrid powertrain system; and
transmitting a signal to at least one throttling device to adjust a flow of combustion engine coolant or battery pack coolant through a heat exchanger, wherein:
the combustion engine coolant flows through a combustion engine coolant circuit that includes a first side of the heat exchanger, and
the battery pack coolant flows through a battery pack coolant circuit that includes a second side of the heat exchanger.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the at least one throttling device comprises at least one variable flow valve in the combustion engine coolant circuit or the battery pack coolant circuit.
17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising receiving outside air temperature information, and wherein the determining that heat should be transferred to the battery pack is further based on the outside air temperature information.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the signal is first signal, and the method further comprises:
determining, based at least in part on the temperature sensor information, that a temperature of the battery pack is below the predetermined threshold; and
transmitting, based at least in part on the temperature of the battery pack being below the predetermined threshold, a signal to turn off charging of the battery pack.