Electrophotographic member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus
Provided is an electrophotographic member including: an electroconductive substrate; and an elastic layer on the substrate, the elastic layer constituted by a single layer, the elastic layer containing a silicone rubber having a dimethylsiloxane structure, wherein when a peak top temperature of an ion thermogram derived from the dimethylsiloxane structure, the ion thermogram being measured from a first sample sampled from a first region having a thickness of 0.5 μm from a first surface of the elastic layer toward a second surface thereof, is represented by T1, and a peak top temperature of an ion thermogram derived from the dimethylsiloxane structure, the ion thermogram being measured from a second sample sampled from a second region corresponding to a thickness of 1.0 μm to 1.5 μm from the second surface toward the first surface, is represented by T2, T1 and T2 satisfy a relationship of T1>T2.
1. An electrophotographic member, comprising:
an electroconductive substrate; and
an elastic layer on the substrate, the elastic layer being a single layer and containing a silicone rubber having a dimethylsiloxane structure, wherein
when a side of the elastic layer facing the substrate is defined as a second surface, and a surface of the elastic layer opposite the second surface is defined as a first surface, and a peak top temperature of an ion thermogram is derived from the dimethylsiloxane structure, T1>T2 when T1 (° C.) is an ion thermogram measured from a first sample sampled from a first region having a thickness of 0.5 μm from the first surface toward the second surface, the first sample containing a polymer that is an epoxy resin, and T2 (° C.) is an ion thermogram measured from a second sample sampled from a second region corresponding to a thickness of 1.0 to 1.5 μm from the second surface of the elastic layer toward the first surface, the second sample not containing the polymer, and
when a peak top temperature of an ion thermogram is derived from the polymer, C1>C2 when C1 (° C.) is an ion thermogram measured from the first sample, and C2 (° C.) is an ion thermogram measured from a third sample obtained by decomposing the silicone rubber in the first sample.
2. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein T1-T2 is 3.3 to 9.1° C.
3. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein C1-C2 is 0.9 to 3.6° C.
4. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein when a peak top temperature of an ion thermogram is derived from the dimethylsiloxane structure, T1>T3>T2 when T3 (° C.) is an ion thermogram being measured from a fourth sample sampled from a third region corresponding to a thickness of 10.0 to 10.5 μm from the first surface of the elastic layer toward the second surface.
5. The electrophotographic member according to claim 4 , wherein T1-T3 is 0.3 to 5.9° C.
6. The electrophotographic member according to claim 4 , wherein T1>T3+1.0 (° C.).
7. The electrophotographic member according to claim 6 , wherein T1-T3 is 1.3 to 5.9° C.
8. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the elastic layer has a thickness of 0.1 to 6.0 mm.
9. The electrophotographic member according to claim 1 , wherein the electrophotographic member is a developing roller.
10. An electrophotographic process cartridge removably mountable onto a main body of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, the electrophotographic process cartridge comprising:
an electrophotographic member, the electrophotographic member comprising an electroconductive substrate and an elastic layer on the substrate, the elastic layer being a single layer and containing a silicone rubber having a dimethylsiloxane structure, wherein
when a side of the elastic layer facing the substrate is defined as a second surface, and a surface of the elastic layer opposite the second surface is defined as a first surface, and a peak top temperature of an ion thermogram is derived from the dimethylsiloxane structure, T1>T2 when T1 (° C.) is an ion thermogram measured from a first sample sampled from a first region having a thickness of 0.5 μm from the first surface toward the second surface, the first sample containing a polymer that is an epoxy resin, and T2 (° C.) is an ion thermogram measured from a second sample sampled from a second region corresponding to a thickness of 1.0 to 1.5 μm from the second surface of the elastic layer toward the first surface, the second sample not containing the polymer, and
when a peak top temperature of an ion thermogram is derived from the polymer, C1>C2 when C1 (° C.) is an ion thermogram measured from the first sample, and C2 (° C.) is an ion thermogram measured from a third sample obtained by decomposing the silicone rubber in the first sample.
11. The electrophotographic process cartridge according to claim 10 , wherein the electrophotographic process cartridge further comprises a developing device storing toner, and comprises the electrophotographic member as a developing roller.
12. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
an image-bearing member configured to bear an electrostatic latent image;
a charging device configured to charge the image-bearing member;
an exposing device configured to form an electrostatic latent image on the charged image-bearing member;
a developing member configured to develop the electrostatic latent image with toner to form a toner image; and
a transferring device configured to which can transfer the toner image onto a transfer material;
the developing member being an electrophotographic member comprising an electroconductive substrate and a monolayer elastic layer on the substrate, the elastic layer containing a silicone rubber containing a dimethylsiloxane structure, wherein
when a side of the elastic layer facing the substrate is defined as a second surface, and a surface of the elastic layer opposite the second surface is defined as a first surface, and a peak top temperature of an ion thermogram is derived from the dimethylsiloxane structure, T1>T2 when T1 (° C.) is an ion thermogram measured from a first sample sampled from a first region having a thickness of 0.5 μm from the first surface toward the second surface, the first sample containing a polymer that is an epoxy resin, and T2 (° C.) is an ion thermogram measured from a second sample sampled from a second region corresponding to a thickness of 1.0 to 1.5 μm from the second surface of the elastic layer toward the first surface, the second sample not containing the polymer, and
when a peak top temperature of an ion thermogram is derived from the polymer, C1>C2 when C1 (° C.) is an ion thermogram measured from the first sample, and C2 (° C.) is an ion thermogram measured from a third sample obtained by decomposing the silicone rubber in the first sample.