Multi-axis upset recovery system
Autonomous systems increase the robustness and safety of current aircraft and to support simplified vehicle, reduced crew, and single pilot operations. The autonomous systems aid air crews in their handling of non-normal, high workload, aircraft upset scenarios. The upset scenarios include the recovery from attitudes outside of the normal operating envelope that even the most robust automatic flight control systems currently in service today do not support.
1. A processing circuit comprising:
a memory maintaining program instructions; and
one or more processors configured to execute the program instructions causing the one or more processors to recover an aircraft from each of:
a pitch high upset when an absolute value of a roll angle (φ) is less than a maximum roll threshold;
the pitch high upset in combination with a roll high upset;
a pitch low upset when the absolute value of the roll angle (φ) is less than the maximum roll threshold;
the pitch low upset in combination with the roll high upset; and
the roll high upset when a pitch angle (θ) is within a minimum pitch threshold and a maximum pitch threshold;
wherein recovering the aircraft from the pitch low upset when the absolute value of the roll angle (φ) is less than the maximum roll threshold and recovering the aircraft from the pitch low upset in combination with the roll high upset each comprise:
unloading the aircraft;
rolling the aircraft to wings level in response to unloading the aircraft; and
pulling the aircraft to a level flight in response to the pitch angle (θ) of the aircraft being at wings level.
2. The processing circuit of claim 1 , wherein the program instructions cause the one or more processors to:
trigger the pitch high upset when the pitch angle (θ) is greater than the maximum pitch threshold;
trigger the pitch low upset when the pitch angle (θ) is less than the minimum pitch threshold; and
trigger the roll high upset when the absolute value of the roll angle (φ) is greater than the maximum roll threshold.
3. The processing circuit of claim 1 , wherein recovering the aircraft from the pitch high upset when the absolute value of the roll angle (φ) is less than the maximum roll threshold and recovering the aircraft from the pitch high upset in combination with the roll high upset each comprise:
unloading the aircraft;
rolling the aircraft to a select roll angle, increasing a throttle, and stowing one or more speed brakes each in response to unloading the aircraft;
decreasing the throttle and rolling the aircraft to wings level each as a function of the pitch angle (θ) as the pitch angle (θ) decreases to horizon; and
pulling the aircraft to the level flight in response to the pitch angle (θ) being at or below horizon.
4. The processing circuit of claim 3 , wherein the select roll angle is greater than the maximum roll threshold.
5. The processing circuit of claim 1 , wherein recovering the aircraft from the pitch low upset when the absolute value of the roll angle (φ) is less than the maximum roll threshold and recovering the aircraft from the pitch low upset in combination with the roll high upset each comprise: rolling the aircraft to wings level, decreasing a throttle, and extending one or more speed brakes each in response to unloading the aircraft.
6. The processing circuit of claim 1 , wherein recovering the aircraft from the roll high upset when the pitch angle (θ) is within the minimum pitch threshold and the maximum pitch threshold comprises:
unloading the aircraft;
rolling the aircraft to wings level in response to unloading the aircraft; and
pulling the aircraft to the level flight in response to the pitch angle (θ) of the aircraft being at wings level.
7. The processing circuit of claim 1 , the program instructions causing the one or more processors to unload the aircraft by causing one or more elevators to adjust the pitch angle (θ).
8. The processing circuit of claim 7 , wherein unloading the aircraft refers to reduces a load factor (n) to within a load factor threshold.
9. The processing circuit of claim 1 , the program instructions causing the one or more processors to roll the aircraft by causing one or more ailerons to adjust the roll angle (φ).
10. The processing circuit of claim 1 , the program instructions causing the one or more processors to pull the aircraft to the level flight by causing one or more elevators to adjust the pitch angle (θ); wherein pulling the aircraft to the level flight causes the pitch angle (θ) to increase.
11. The processing circuit of claim 1 , wherein the program instructions cause the one or more processors to recover the aircraft to a stabilized condition.
12. The processing circuit of claim 11 , wherein the stabilized condition occurs when:
an absolute value of the pitch angle (θ) is less than a stabilized pitch threshold;
the absolute value of the roll angle (φ) is less than a stabilized roll angle threshold;
an absolute value of a roll rate (p) is less than a stabilized roll rate threshold;
an absolute value of a pitch rate (q) is less than a stabilized pitch rate threshold;
a normal acceleration in the z-axis (Nz) is between a stabilized minimum acceleration and a stabilized maximum acceleration; and
an Inertial Vertical Speed (HDOT) is greater than zero.
13. The processing circuit of claim 1 , wherein the program instructions cause the one or more processors to execute an upset recovery manager; wherein the upset recovery manager is a state-based machine.
14. The processing circuit of claim 13 , the upset recovery manager comprising a roll controller, a climb controller, an unload/pull controller, an airspeed and angle-of-attack controller, an elevator controller, and a state controller.
15. An aircraft comprising:
a throttle;
one or more control surfaces comprising:
one or more rudders;
one or more elevators; and
one or more ailerons; and
a processing circuit comprising:
a memory maintaining program instructions; and
one or more processors configured to execute the program instructions causing the one or more processors to recover the aircraft from each of:
a pitch high upset when an absolute value of a roll angle (φ) is less than a maximum roll threshold;
the pitch high upset in combination with a roll high upset;
a pitch low upset when the absolute value of the roll angle (φ) is less than the maximum roll threshold;
the pitch low upset in combination with the roll high upset; and
the roll high upset when a pitch angle (θ) is within a minimum pitch threshold and a maximum pitch threshold;
wherein recovering the aircraft from the pitch low upset when the absolute value of the roll angle (φ) is less than the maximum roll threshold and recovering the aircraft from the pitch low upset in combination with the roll high upset each comprise:
unloading the aircraft;
rolling the aircraft to wings level in response to unloading the aircraft; and
pulling the aircraft to a level flight in response to the pitch angle (θ) of the aircraft being at wings level.
16. A processing circuit comprising:
a memory maintaining program instructions; and
one or more processors configured to execute the program instructions causing the one or more processors to recover an aircraft from each of:
a pitch high upset when an absolute value of a roll angle (φ) is less than a maximum roll threshold;
the pitch high upset in combination with a roll high upset;
a pitch low upset when the absolute value of the roll angle (φ) is less than the maximum roll threshold;
the pitch low upset in combination with the roll high upset; and
the roll high upset when a pitch angle (θ) is within a minimum pitch threshold and a maximum pitch threshold;
wherein recovering the aircraft from the pitch high upset when the absolute value of the roll angle (φ) is less than the maximum roll threshold and recovering the aircraft from the pitch high upset in combination with the roll high upset each comprise:
unloading the aircraft;
rolling the aircraft to a select roll angle, increasing a throttle, and stowing one or more speed brakes each in response to unloading the aircraft;
decreasing the throttle and rolling the aircraft to wings level each as a function of the pitch angle (θ) as the pitch angle (θ) decreases to horizon; and
pulling the aircraft to a level flight in response to the pitch angle (θ) being at or below horizon.
17. A processing circuit comprising:
a memory maintaining program instructions; and
one or more processors configured to execute the program instructions causing the one or more processors to recover an aircraft from each of:
a pitch high upset when an absolute value of a roll angle (φ) is less than a maximum roll threshold;
the pitch high upset in combination with a roll high upset;
a pitch low upset when the absolute value of the roll angle (φ) is less than the maximum roll threshold;
the pitch low upset in combination with the roll high upset; and
the roll high upset when a pitch angle (θ) is within a minimum pitch threshold and a maximum pitch threshold;
wherein recovering the aircraft from the roll high upset when the pitch angle (θ) is within the minimum pitch threshold and the maximum pitch threshold comprises:
unloading the aircraft;
rolling the aircraft to wings level in response to unloading the aircraft; and
pulling the aircraft to a level flight in response to the pitch angle (θ) of the aircraft being at wings level.