IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,381,244
Granted Patent B2
US 12,381,244 · App. 17/313,819 · Granted Aug 5, 2025

Decoupled electrode electrochemical energy storage system

Inventors: Danielle Cassidy Smith (Cambridge, MA); William Henry Woodford (Cambridge, MA); Jarrod David Milshtein (Arlington, MA); Annelise Thompson (Medford, MA); Alexandra Rousseau (Peterborough, CA); Jessa Silver (Roxbury, MA)
Assignee: FORM ENERGY, INC.
H01M8/1027H01M4/521H01M8/146
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,381,244
App. No.
17/313,819
Granted
Aug 5, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

Systems and methods of the various embodiments may provide decoupled electrode electrochemical energy storage systems.

Claims (22)

1. A system for energy storage, the system comprising:

a metal electrode comprising a metal electrode containment vessel and a bed of metal therein;

an oxygen reduction (ORR) electrode;

an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrode fluidically decoupled from the ORR electrode;

a pump; and

an electrolyte piping system fluidically coupling the pump with the metal electrode, and the electrolyte piping system selectively switchable to fluidically isolate the ORR electrode and the OER electrode from one another and from the metal electrode.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ORR electrode comprises a plate structure.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ORR electrode is supplied with an oxygenated electrolyte stream.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the OER electrode is a vertical OER electrode.

5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an electrolyte movable by the pump, wherein the electrolyte is concentrated hydroxide electrolyte.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the metal electrode is an iron electrode.

7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the iron electrode comprises direct reduced iron (DRI).

8. The system of claim 6 , wherein the iron electrode comprises packed or sintered iron powder.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the iron powder is sponge iron powder or atomized iron powder.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the iron electrode further comprises a polymer binder.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the iron electrode is formed without carbon.

12. The system of claim 10 , wherein the iron electrode further comprises carbon.

13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ORR electrode comprises a shell and tube structure.

14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ORR electrode comprises a spiral wound structure.

15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ORR electrode is supplied with a mixed air and electrolyte stream.

16. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ORR electrode is supplied with separate air and electrolyte streams.

17. The system of claim 1 , wherein the OER is a horizontal OER electrode.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Oct 7, 2022
From: SMITH, DANIELLE CASSIDY; WOODFORD, WILLIAM HENRY; MILSHTEIN, JARROD DAVID; THOMPSON, ANNELISE CHRISTINE; ROUSSEAU, ALEXANDRA; SILVER, JESSA
To: FORM ENERGY, INC.,
Reel/Frame 061343/0793 →
Continuity (2)
Provisional Application 63020709 · May 6, 2020
Related Publication 20210351425A1 · Nov 11, 2021
References Cited (400)
US 2083364A · Cook, Jr. et al. · 1937 [cited by applicant]
US 2643276A · Jean et al. · 1953 [cited by applicant]
US 2683182A · Jean et al. · 1954 [cited by applicant]
US 3219486A · Salcedo et al. · 1965 [cited by applicant]
US 3223611A · Kergan et al. · 1965 [cited by applicant]
US 3329530A · Yutaka et al. · 1967 [cited by applicant]
US 3338746A · Gunther et al. · 1967 [cited by applicant]
US 3363570A · Scott · 1968 [cited by applicant]
US 3415689A · Carson, Jr. et al. · 1968 [cited by applicant]
US 3483036A · Gregor et al. · 1969 [cited by applicant]
US 3484291A · MacKenzie, Jr. et al. · 1969 [cited by applicant]
US 3489610A · Berger et al. · 1970 [cited by applicant]
US 3525643A · Spahrbier et al. · 1970 [cited by applicant]
US 3532548A · Stachurski et al. · 1970 [cited by applicant]
US 3615843A · Moran · 1971 [cited by applicant]
US 3615844A · Spengler · 1971 [cited by applicant]
US 3650837A · Palmer · 1972 [cited by applicant]
US 3686225A · Pedersen et al. · 1972 [cited by applicant]
US 3713892A · Moran · 1973 [cited by applicant]
US 3716413A · Eisner · 1973 [cited by applicant]
US 3717505A · Unkle, Jr. et al. · 1973 [cited by applicant]
US 3728244A · Cooley et al. · 1973 [cited by applicant]
US 3785868A · Devitt · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3801376A · Lindstrom · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3822149A · Hale et al. · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3840455A · Cooley et al. · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3847603A · Fukuda et al. · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3850696A · Summers et al. · 1974 [cited by applicant]
US 3886426A · Daggett · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3888877A · Lehn · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3902916A · Warszawski · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3919062A · Lundquist, Jr. et al. · 1975 [cited by applicant]
US 3945849A · Hoffman · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 3947292A · Jackovitz et al. · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 3965116A · Cram · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 3966766A · Lehn · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 3972727A · Cohn · 1976 [cited by applicant]
US 4001212A · Richman · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4001279A · Cram · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4007059A · Witherspoon et al. · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4054725A · Tuburaya · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4076600A · Huebner · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US 4117205A · Kitai · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US 4119772A · Peters et al. · 1978 [cited by applicant]
US 4132837A · Soffer · 1979 [cited by applicant]
US 4139679A · Appleby et al. · 1979 [cited by applicant]
US 4168349A · Buzzelli · 1979 [cited by applicant]
US 4201653A · O'Neill et al. · 1980 [cited by applicant]
US 4246324A · De Nora et al. · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4250236A · Haschka et al. · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4265789A · Christopherson et al. · 1981 [cited by applicant]
US 4312927A · Salmon · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4317863A · Struthers · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4331460A · Dillmann et al. · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4336043A · Aonuma et al. · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4340449A · Srinivasan et al. · 1982 [cited by applicant]
US 4369235A · Bursell · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4375427A · Miller et al. · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4384928A · Hall · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4385101A · Catanzarite · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4385967A · Brady et al. · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4386141A · Weidner et al. · 1983 [cited by applicant]
US 4447504A · Goebel · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4448858A · Graf et al. · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4450211A · Vignaud · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4461817A · Itoh et al. · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4479856A · Ando · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4484936A · Sakai · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4485154A · Remick et al. · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4487818A · Ovshinsky et al. · 1984 [cited by applicant]
US 4521497A · Tamminen · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4535039A · Naarmann et al. · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4552630A · Wheeler et al. · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4581064A · Morrison et al. · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4585710A · McEvoy · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4605626A · Beck · 1986 [cited by applicant]
US 4670363A · Whitney et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4684585A · Tamminen · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4693946A · Niksa et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US 4732823A · Ito et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4765799A · Waldrop · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 1828942A · Licht · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4842963A · Ross, Jr. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4869979A · Ohtani et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4871627A · Strong et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4894355A · Takeuchi et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4952289A · Ciccone et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 4977044A · Ludwig · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 5006424A · Evans et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5009755A · Shor · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5011747A · Strong et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5041194A · Mori et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5093213A · O'Callaghan · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5104497A · Tetzlaff et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5130211A · Wilkinson et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5131387A · French et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5145752A · Goldstein et al. · 1992 [cited by applicant]
US 5185218A · Brokman et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5188914A · Blomgren et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5190833A · Goldstein et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5200057A · Canaris · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5242763A · Konishi et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5242765A · Naimer et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5284176A · Campau · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5318861A · Harats et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5360680A · Goldman et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5376471A · Hunter et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5397532A · Blaimschein · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5411815A · Goldstein · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5415949A · Stone et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5419987A · Goldstein et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5431823A · Gofer · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5432022A · Cheiky · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5434020A · Cooper · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5439758A · Stone et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5441820A · Siu et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5445724A · Burkhart et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5451475A · Ohta et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5453334A · Melichar · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5458988A · Putt · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5506067A · Tinker · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5512391A · Fleischer · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5549991A · Licht et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5567540A · Stone et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5569551A · Pedicini et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5569560A · Olsen et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5595949A · Goldstein et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5645952A · Lampinen et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5650240A · Rogers · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5652068A · Shuster et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5665481A · Shuster et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5700596A · Ikoma et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5707757A · Lee · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5712061A · Spak et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5716726A · Cheiky · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5731105A · Fleischer et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5733667A · Nakasuji et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5733677A · Golovin et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5788943A · Aladjov · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5789585A · Lee et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5840443A · Gregg et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5850136A · Kaneko · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5935724A · Spillman et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5935728A · Spillman et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5938899A · Forand · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5972531A · Kawakami · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5990352A · Nobori et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5998967A · Umeki et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6014013A · Suppanz et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6025696A · Lenhart et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6034506A · Hall · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6046514A · Rouillard et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6054840A · Nakanishi et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6057052A · Shrim et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6091230A · Winzer · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6120941A · Lee et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6127061A · Shun et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6153328A · Colborn · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6162333A · Lemon et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6162555A · Gutierrez et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6164309A · Brecht · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6165638A · Spillman et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6194098B1 · Ying et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6207037B1 · Dartnell et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6210832B1 · Visco et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6211650B1 · Mumaw et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6228535B1 · Fierro et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6249940B1 · Asano et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6265846B1 · Flechsig et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6268085B1 · Manthiram et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6271646B1 · Evers et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6277508B1 · Reiser et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6300015B1 · Nishiyama et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6312846B1 · Marsh · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6355369B1 · Iarochenko et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6358643B1 · Katz et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6368741B1 · Hackel et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6371995B1 · Yasunami · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6379828B1 · Worth · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6383673B1 · Faris et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6383675B1 · Zhong · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6410174B1 · Faris · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6416649B1 · Ray et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6436576B1 · Hossain · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6458480B1 · Morris et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6465638B2 · Gorman et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6465643B1 · Schiemenz et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6472093B2 · Faris et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6475658B1 · Pedicini et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6537701B1 · Nimon et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6541151B2 · Minamiura et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6541941B2 · Adams et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6544678B2 · Faris et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6558830B2 · Faris et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6562494B1 · Tsai et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6562504B2 · Faris et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6566000B1 · Iarochenko et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6569555B1 · Faris et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6579637B1 · Savage et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6586909B1 · Trepka · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6641943B1 · Faris et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6645904B2 · Schiemenz et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6646418B1 · Xie et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6649294B2 · Faris et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6653252B2 · Kawahara · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6666909B1 · TeGrotenhuis et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6673490B2 · Miki et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6677077B2 · Spillman et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6706433B2 · Pinto et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6713206B2 · Markoski et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6756149B2 · Knights et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6762587B1 · Barbetta · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6764588B2 · Smedley et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6776929B2 · Hossan et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6786226B2 · Crook et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6787260B2 · Smedley · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6790265B2 · Joshi et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6802946B2 · Basol et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6811819B2 · Joshi et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6811903B2 · Vartak et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6822423B2 · Yau et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6838203B2 · Zheng · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6849172B2 · Rigby et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6849356B2 · Dow et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6855455B1 · Berger et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6858347B2 · Tanigawa et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6866950B2 · Connor et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6899974B2 · Kamisuki et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6902602B2 · Keefer et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6911274B1 · Colborn et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6942105B2 · Smedley et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6949310B2 · Phillips · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6962992B2 · Martin et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6967064B2 · Haltiner, Jr. et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6986964B2 · Faris · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7020355B2 · Lahann et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7040431B2 · Tartamella et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7060388B2 · Naruoka · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7070632B1 · Visco · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7126310B1 · Barron · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7150933B1 · McLean · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7201857B2 · Ovshinsky et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7226676B2 · Faris et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7238440B2 · Damore et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7252898B2 · Markoski et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7270906B2 · Haltiner, Jr. et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7273541B2 · Choban et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7276309B2 · Smedley et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7279245B1 · Clark · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7285362B2 · Harrup et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7291186B2 · Zhang · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7303835B2 · Mathias et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7466104B2 · Wang et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7468221B2 · LaFollette et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7482081B2 · Hong · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7488547B1 · Iacovelli · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7535199B2 · Kimura et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7556056B2 · Hutchinson · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7598796B2 · Mizuno et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7670575B2 · Jarvinen et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7670705B2 · Ueda et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7670724B1 · Chan et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7722988B2 · Webber · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7794582B1 · Cook et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7964300B2 · Nakazawa et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7997425B2 · Golden et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8058165B2 · Kawano et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8168337B2 · Friesen et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8206469B2 · Chiang et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8309259B2 · Friesen et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8329346B2 · Janse et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8361288B2 · Reece et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8397508B2 · Weimer et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8481207B2 · Friesen et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8491763B2 · Friesen · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8492052B2 · Friesen et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8632921B2 · Friesen et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8659268B2 · Krishnan et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8758948B2 · Narayan et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8877391B2 · Friesen et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8895197B2 · Friesen et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8906563B2 · Friesen et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8911910B2 · Krishnan et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 9065120B2 · Carlson · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9105910B2 · Friesen et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9105946B2 · Friesen et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9172123B2 · Albertus et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9178207B2 · Friesen et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9214708B2 · Friesen et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9263779B2 · Lee et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9269995B2 · Friesen et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9269996B2 · Friesen et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9269998B2 · Hayes et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9368486B2 · Wang et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9368788B2 · Ogg et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9419273B2 · Kakeya et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9478806B2 · Ogg et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9537144B2 · Huang et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9559385B2 · Ogg et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9577298B2 · Narayan et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9583779B2 · Chiang et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9660265B2 · Visco et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9680151B2 · Mullins et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9680154B2 · Chen et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9780379B2 · Zhamu et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9843064B2 · Brandon et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9893397B2 · Yoshida et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9911985B2 · Dong et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9947481B2 · Solomon et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10008754B2 · Englert · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10014530B2 · Lang et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10033036B2 · Christensen et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10044082B2 · Suyama et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10147988B2 · Park et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10177426B2 · Nitta · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10302320B2 · Howard · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10530001B2 · Finkelshtain et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 11228066B2 · Krishnan et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11611115B2 · Pham et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20010007725A1 · Faris et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20020015871A1 · Tao et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020028372A1 · Ohlsen et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020045075A1 · Pinto et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020076602A1 · Finkelshtain et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020098398A1 · Chen · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020142203A1 · Ma et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020155351A1 · Licht · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030054217A1 · Faris · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030077501A1 · Knights et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030099882A1 · Hampden-Smith et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030134163A1 · Markoski et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030143446A1 · Faris et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030165727A1 · Priestnall et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030190504A1 · Fisher et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030198862A1 · Struthers · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040005488A1 · Faris et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040023112A1 · Lin · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040029723A1 · Schiemenz et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040031251A1 · Priess · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040053132A1 · Smedley et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040058203A1 · Priestnall et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040058217A1 · Ohlsen et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040058226A1 · Lamarre et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040086779A1 · Higley et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040104124A1 · Cobley et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040110049A1 · Shimotori et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040121208A1 · James et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040146764A1 · Tsai et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040157092A1 · Kimberg et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040157101A1 · Smedley · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040175603A1 · Yang et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040180246A1 · Smedley · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040185323A1 · Fowler et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040185328A1 · Lin et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040221426A1 · Igawa et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040225249A1 · Leonard et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040229107A1 · Smedley · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040247969A1 · Faris et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050019634A1 · Legg · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050019651A1 · Tsai et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050031911A1 · Venkatesan et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050042503A1 · Kim et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050084737A1 · Wine et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050105229A1 · Deng et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050123815A1 · Tsai et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050142398A1 · Browall et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050170245A1 · Vartak et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050196656A1 · Gomez · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050208343A1 · Kim et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050233191A1 · Ushio · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060003217A1 · Cohen et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060024551A1 · Smotkin · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060038536A1 · LaFollette et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060039853A1 · Fan et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060040174A1 · Peabody · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060076295A1 · Leonard et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060107639A1 · Hamlin et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060127731A1 · Faris · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060175720A1 · Kerfoot · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060194107A1 · Licht · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060210867A1 · Kenis et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060228622A1 · Cohen et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060234855A1 · Gorte et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060269826A1 · Katz et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060281000A1 · Hayashigawa · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060292407A1 · Gervasio et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070020496A1 · Pelton et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070048577A1 · Ringeisen et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070077491A1 · Burchardt · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070092787A1 · Wang Chen · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070099037A1 · Senner · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070120091A1 · Ovshinsky et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070134527A1 · Desouza et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070141415A1 · Yang et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070141430A1 · Huang et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070141432A1 · Wang et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070141440A1 · Yang et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070141450A1 · Yang et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070154766A1 · Baik et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070166602A1 · Burchardt · 2007 [cited by applicant]