Internal combustion engine lubricant
A lubricant composition may be of use in lubrication of an internal combustion engine. A method of utilizing such a lubricant composition may include: lubricating an internal combustion engine using a lubricant composition comprising: from about 30.0 mass % to about 99.8 mass % of an oil base stock, based on a total mass of the lubricant composition, the oil base stock comprising at least one polyol ester; and from 1.0 mass % to 30.0 mass % polyisobutylene, based on a total mass of the lubricant composition; and combusting a fuel in the internal combustion engine.
1. A method comprising:
lubricating an internal combustion engine using a lubricant composition comprising:
from about 30.0 mass % to about 99.8 mass % of an oil base stock, based on a total mass of the lubricant composition, the oil base stock comprising at least one polyol ester; and
from 1.0 mass % to 30.0 mass % polyisobutylene, based on a total mass of the lubricant composition,
wherein the polyisobutylene is a viscosity modifier having a molecular weight ranging from about 10,000 Da to about 1,500,000 Da and a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) from 1000 cSt to 6000 cSt at 100° C.; and
combusting a fuel in the internal combustion engine.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel combusted in the internal combustion engine comprises hydrogen, a hydrocarbon, or a combination thereof.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fuel has a hydrogen concentration of 50 mol % or greater.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil base stock has a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) of from:
(a) 1 cSt to 10 cSt at 100° C.;
(b) 2 cSt to 8 cSt at 100° C.;
(c) 8 cSt to 16 cSt at 100° C.; or,
(d) 9 cSt to 12 cSt at 100° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant composition has a viscosity index (ASTM D2270) from 100 to 180.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one polyol ester comprises a neopentylglycol ester of a C8 to C10 acid, a trimethylolpropane ester of a C8 to C10 acid, mixed pentaerythritol esters of branched alkanoic acids, or any combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 6 :
(a) wherein the C8 to C10 acid comprises 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid;
(b) wherein the neopentylglycol ester of a C8 to C10 acid comprises neopentylglycol di(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate);
(c) wherein the trimethylolpropane ester of a C8 to C10 acid comprises trimethylolpropane tri(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate);
(d) wherein the mixed pentaerythritol esters of branched alkanoic acids comprise: from 1 mol % to 5 mol % primary carbon, from 30 mol % to 40 mol % secondary carbon, and from 40 mol % to 50 mol % tertiary carbon, and from 15 mol % to 25 mol % quaternary carbon, as determined by carbon-13 NMR;
or a combination of the above.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one polyol ester has at least 25% carbon atoms in the form of methyl groups.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant composition comprises:
(a) about 0.05 mass % or less of calcium and about 0.05 mass % or less of magnesium;
(b) about 0.05 mass % or less phosphorus and about 0.05 mass % or less sulfur;
(c) or both (a) and (b).
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising from about 0.1 mass % to about 10.0 mass % of at least one antioxidant, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition and wherein the at least one antioxidant comprises a phenolic antioxidant, an aminic antioxidant, a polyaminic antioxidant, or combinations thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the internal combustion engine (a) has a pre-ignition frequency of 2.0% or less at 1200 rpm and an indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) of from 15 bar to 19 bar or (b) has a pre-ignition frequency of 7.0% or less at 1600 rpm and an indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) of from 15 bar to 18 bar.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant composition further comprises from about 0.1 mass % to about 5.0 mass % of at least one detergent, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the fuel has a hydrogen concentration of 50 mol % or greater.
14. A lubricant composition for use as an engine oil, comprising:
from about 30.0 mass % to about 99.8 mass % of an oil base stock, based on a total mass of the lubricant composition, the oil base stock comprising at least one polyol ester;
from about 0.1 mass % to about 5.0 mass % of at least one detergent, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition; and
from 1.0 mass % to 30.0 mass % polyisobutylene, based on a total mass of the lubricant composition;
wherein the polyisobutylene is a viscosity modifier having a molecular weight ranging from about 10,000 Da to about 1,500,000 Da and a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) from 1000 cSt to 6000 cSt at 100° C.; and
wherein the lubricant composition comprises about 0.05 mass % or less ash.
15. The lubricant composition of claim 14 , wherein the oil base stock has a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) of from:
(a) 1 cSt to 10 cSt at 100° C.;
(b) 2 cSt to 8 cSt at 100° C.;
(c) 8 cSt to 16 cSt at 100° C.; or,
(d) 9 cSt to 12 cSt at 100° C.
16. The lubricant composition of claim 15 , wherein the lubricant composition has a viscosity index (ASTM D2270) from 100 to 180.
17. The lubricant composition of claim 15 , wherein the at least one polyol ester comprises a neopentylglycol ester of a C8 to C10 acid, a trimethylolpropane ester of a C8 to C10 acid, mixed pentaerythritol esters of branched alkanoic acids, or any combination thereof.
18. The lubricant composition of claim 17 , wherein
(a) the C8 to C10 acid comprises 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid;
(b) the neopentylglycol ester of a C8 to C10 acid comprises neopentylglycol di(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate);
(c) the trimethylolpropane ester of a C8 to C10 acid comprises trimethylolpropane tri(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate);
(d) the mixed pentaerythritol esters of branched alkanoic acids comprise: from 1 mol % to 5 mol % primary carbon, from 30 mol % to 40 mol % secondary carbon, and from 40 mol % to 50 mol % tertiary carbon, and from 15 mol % to 25 mol % quaternary carbon, as determined by carbon-13 NMR;
or any combination thereof.
19. The lubricant composition of claim 14 , wherein the at least one polyol ester has at least 25% carbon atoms in the form of methyl groups.
20. The lubricant composition of claim 14 , wherein the lubricant composition comprises (a) about 0.05 mass % or less of calcium and about 0.05 mass % or less of magnesium, (b) about 0.05 mass % or less phosphorus and about 0.05 mass % or less sulfur, or both (a) and (b).
21. The lubricant composition of claim 14 , wherein the polyisobutylene has a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) of from 4000 cSt to 6000 cSt at 100° C.
22. The lubricant composition of claim 14 , wherein the at least one detergent is an ashless nonionic detergent having a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) of 10 or below.
23. The lubricant composition of claim 14 , wherein the at least one detergent is a detergent that contributes a total base number (TBN) (ASTM D2896) of about 2 mg KOH/g to about 17 mg KOH/g.
24. A lubricant composition for use as an engine oil, comprising:
from about 30.0 mass % to about 99.8 mass % of an oil base stock, based on a total mass of the lubricant composition, wherein the oil base stock has a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) of from 1 cSt to 10 cSt at 100° C.;
from about 0.1 mass % to about 5.0 mass % of at least one detergent, based on the total mass of the lubricant composition; and
from 1.0 mass % to 30.0 mass % polyisobutylene, based on a total mass of the lubricant composition;
wherein the polyisobutylene is a viscosity modifier having a molecular weight ranging from about 10,000 Da to about 1,500,000 Da and a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) from 1000 cSt to 6000 cSt at 100° C.; and
wherein the lubricant composition comprises about 0.05 mass % or less ash.