High voltage converter for use as electric power supply
An electric power supply is described that has direct-current (DC) to alternating-current (AC) circuitry adapted and configured to receive DC power input having a DC input voltage and convert the DC power input to multi-phase, alternating-current (AC) power output. The DC to AC circuitry includes an electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise filter to suppress EMI noise, wherein the EMI noise filter comprises two, electrically insulated, conductive rails configured and adapted to receive the DC power input, ferrite material at least partially surrounding the two conductive rails, and a current sensing element positioned in a gap in the ferrite material and configured to measure leakage current escaping to ground.
1. An electric power supply, the electric power supply comprising:
direct-current (DC) to alternating-current (AC) circuitry adapted and configured to receive DC power input having a DC input voltage of about 320 DC volts to about 820 DC volts and convert the DC power input to multi-phase, alternating-current (AC) power output that ranges from ten (10) Hertz to as high as a thousand (1000) Hertz,
wherein the DC to AC circuitry further comprises:
at least two DC capacitors; and
an electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise filter to suppress EMI noise, wherein the EMI noise filter comprises two, electrically insulated, conductive rails configured side by side as a linearly extending shaft having a length and a cross-section and adapted to receive the DC power input, ferrite material formed as one or more elements substantially circumscribing the two conductive rails and extending a majority of the length of the two conductive rails, and a current sensing element positioned in a gap in the one or more elements formed of ferrite material and configured to measure leakage current escaping to ground,
wherein the two electrically insulated, conductive rails of the EMI noise filter are physically located and extend lengthwise at least partially between the at least two DC capacitors and delivers the DC power input to the at least two DC capacitors.
2. The electric power supply of claim 1 , wherein the current sensing element comprises a hall-effect sensor.
3. The power supply of claim 1 , wherein the EMI noise filter delivers the DC power input to a bus bar for delivery of the DC power input to one or more DC capacitors.
4. The electric power supply of claim 1 , wherein the EMI noise filter has inductance of about 35 to about 70 micro-Henrys and is positioned in proximity to one or more capacitors having a capacitance of about 1 to about 5 micro-Farads to provide a low pass filter to cutoff common mode current.
5. The power supply of claim 1 , further comprising a housing to contain and protect at least the DC to AC circuitry, wherein the housing has a housing length in the same direction as a length of the two, electrically insulated, conductive rails of the EMI noise filter, wherein the length of the two, electrically insulated, conductive rails is approximately fifty percent of the housing length.
6. The electric power supply of claim 1 , further comprising low-voltage, direct current (LVDC) circuitry adapted and configured to operate on LVDC power of about fifty volts or less, wherein the LVDC circuitry is configured to control and monitor the multi-phase AC power output.
7. The electric power supply of claim 1 , wherein the DC to AC circuitry converts multiphase AC power input to direct-current (DC) power output.
8. A motor controller system comprising two or more electric power supplies of claim 1 , wherein each electric power supply is modular and scalable and delivers the multiphase, AC power output.
9. The motor controller system of claim 8 , further comprises a high-speed bus between the two or more electric power supplies to transmit data between the two or more electric power supplies, wherein the system is capable of operating if one or more of the electric power supplies is at least one of a group consisting of: degraded, faulty, inoperable, and combinations thereof.
10. An electric power supply, the electric power supply comprising:
direct-current (DC) to alternating-current (AC) circuitry comprising two or more DC capacitors electrically connected in parallel and one or more power transistor switches, the DC to AC circuitry adapted and configured to receive DC power input having a DC input voltage of about 320 to about 820 DC volts and a DC input current of about 100 to about 400 amps and convert the DC power input to multi-phase, alternating-current (AC) power output; and
low-voltage, direct current (LVDC) circuitry adapted and configured to operate on LVDC power of about fifty volts or less, wherein the LVDC circuitry is configured to control and monitor the multi-phase AC power output,
wherein the DC to AC circuitry further comprises an electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise filter to suppress EMI noise, wherein the EMI noise filter comprises two, electrically insulated, conductive rails configured side by side as a linearly extending shaft having a length and a cross-section and adapted to receive the DC power input, ferrite material formed as one or more elements substantially circumscribing the two conductive rails and extending a substantial majority of the length of the two conductive rails, and a current sensing element positioned in a gap in the one or more elements of ferrite material substantially circumscribing the two conductive rails and configured to measure leakage current escaping to ground,
wherein the two electrically insulated, conductive rails of the EMI noise filter are physically located and extend at least partially between the two or more DC capacitors that are electrically connected in parallel and delivers the DC power input to the at least two or more DC capacitors.
11. The electric power supply of claim 10 , wherein the current sensing element comprises a hall-effect sensor.
12. The power supply of claim 10 , wherein the EMI noise filter delivers the DC power input to a bus bar for delivery of the DC power input to the one or more DC capacitors.
13. The electric power supply of claim 10 , wherein the EMI noise filter has inductance of about 35 to about 70 micro-Henrys and is positioned in proximity to one or more capacitors having a capacitance of about 1 to about 5 micro-Farads to provide a low pass filter to cutoff common mode current.
14. The power supply of claim 10 , further comprising a housing to contain and protect at least the DC to AC circuitry, wherein the housing has a housing length in the same direction as a length of the two, electrically insulated, conductive rails of the EMI noise filter, wherein the length of the two, electrically insulated, conductive rails is approximately fifty percent of the housing length.
15. The electric power supply of claim 10 , further comprising DC to DC converter circuitry configured to receive and convert the DC power input to the LVDC power and configured to receive and convert the LVDC power to DC power to pre-charge the DC capacitors.
16. The electric power supply of claim 10 , further comprising DC to DC converter circuitry to pre-charge the DC capacitors during start-up and upon the DC capacitors being charged to within a threshold of or to the DC input voltage, the DC to DC converter circuitry no longer charges the DC capacitors.
17. The electric power supply of claim 10 , wherein the power transistor switches comprise Silicon Carbide MosFET power switches and two Silicon Carbide MosFET power switches are configured to produce one phase of the multi-phase AC power output.
18. The electric power supply of claim 17 , comprising three power modules wherein each power module comprises two Silicon Carbide MosFET power switches and wherein the DC to AC circuitry is configured to produce three-phases of AC power output wherein each power module is configured to shift its phase of AC power output from the phase of the other power modules.
19. The electric power supply of claim 10 , wherein the multiphase AC power output ranges from ten (10) Hertz to as high as 1000 Hertz.
20. The electric power supply of claim 10 , further comprising a housing to contain and protect the DC to AC circuitry and the LVDC circuitry, wherein the housing further comprises a flow path through the power supply configured and adapted to receive liquid coolant, wherein the flow path communicates with one or more coolant inputs and one or more coolant outputs.
21. The electric power supply of claim 20 , wherein the power supply with the housing and liquid coolant has a power density of 10 kw per kg or greater.
22. The electric power supply of claim 10 , further comprising a connector for receiving an input signal to controls the AC power output.
23. The electric power supply of claim 1 , wherein the one or more elements of ferrite material substantially circumscribing the two conductive rails extend a substantial majority of the length of the two conductive rails.
24. The electric power supply of claim 1 , wherein the at least two DC capacitors are electrically connected in parallel.
25. The electric power supply of claim 1 , further comprising DC to DC converter circuitry to pre-charge the at least two DC capacitors during start up and upon the at least two DC capacitors being charged within a threshold of or to a DC input voltage, the DC to DC converter circuitry no longer charges the at least two DC capacitors.
26. The electric power supply of claim 1 , wherein the one or more elements of ferrite are configured as one or more rings, wherein the gap is formed in at least one of the one or more rings.
27. The electric power supply of claim 1 , wherein the DC power input has a DC current of about 100 amps to about 400 amps and a thickness of each of the two side by side conductive rails is greater than 1 mm.
28. The electric power supply of claim 1 , wherein the DC to AC circuitry comprises at least two separate circuits, each separate circuit adapted and configured to receive DC power input and convert the DC power input to the multi-phase, alternating-current (AC) power output, the electric power supply further comprising a high speed bus between the two circuits to transmit data between the two or more separate circuits, wherein the electric power supply is capable of operating if one or more of the electric power supplies is at least one of a group consisting of: degraded, faulty, inoperable, and combinations thereof.
29. The electric power supply of claim 6 , wherein the LVDC circuitry is configured to pre-charge the DC capacitors.
30. A motor controller system, the motor controller system comprising:
two or more electric power supplies; and
a high speed bus connected between the two or more electric power supplies to transmit data between the two or more electric power supplies, wherein each of the two or more electric power supplies comprises:
direct-current (DC) to alternating-current (AC) circuitry adapted and configured to receive DC power input having a DC input voltage and convert the DC power input to multi-phase, alternating-current (AC) power output,
wherein the DC to AC circuitry further comprises an electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise filter to suppress EMI noise, wherein the EMI noise filter comprises two, electrically insulated, conductive rails configured and adapted to receive the DC power input, ferrite material at least partially surrounding the two conductive rails, and a current sensing element positioned in a gap in the ferrite material and configured to measure leakage current escaping to ground; and
wherein each electric power supply is modular and scalable and delivers the multiphase AC power output; and
wherein the system is capable of operating if one or more of the electric power supplies is at least one of a group consisting of: degraded, faulty, inoperable, and combinations thereof.