Single-photon detection device, single-photon detector, and single-photon detector array
A single-photon detection device includes a first well having a first conductivity type, a second well provided on the first well and having a second conductivity type that is different from the first conductivity type, a first depletion forming region provided on the second well and having the first conductivity type, a main depletion region provided between the first well and the second well, and a first sub-depletion region provided between the second well and the first depletion forming region, wherein the first well and the first depletion forming region are spaced apart from each other by the second well.
1. A single-photon detection device comprising:
a first well having a first conductivity type;
a second well provided on the first well and having a second conductivity type that is different from the first conductivity type;
a first depletion forming region provided on the second well and having the first conductivity type;
a main depletion region provided between the first well and the second well as an avalanche multiplication region; and
a first sub-depletion region provided between the second well and the first depletion forming region,
wherein the first well and the first depletion forming region are spaced apart from each other so that the first depletion forming region does not directly contact the first well.
2. The single-photon detection device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second depletion forming region provided opposite to the second well with the first well therebetween; and
a second sub-depletion region provided between the second depletion forming region and the first well,
wherein the second depletion forming region has the second conductivity type.
3. The single-photon detection device of claim 1 , further comprising a first contact region electrically connected to the first well,
wherein the first contact region is spaced apart from the second well and has the first conductivity type,
wherein a doping concentration of the first contact region is higher than a doping concentration of the first well.
4. The single-photon detection device of claim 3 , further comprising a relaxation region provided between the first contact region and the first well, wherein the relaxation region has the first conductivity type,
wherein a doping concentration of the relaxation region is lower than a doping concentration of the first contact region.
5. The single-photon detection device of claim 1 , further comprising a second contact region electrically connected to the second well,
wherein the second contact region has the second conductivity type,
wherein a doping concentration of the second contact region is higher than a doping concentration of the second well.
6. The single-photon detection device of claim 5 , wherein the second contact region and the first depletion forming region contact each other.
7. The single-photon detection device of claim 5 , wherein the second contact region and the first depletion forming region are spaced apart from each other.
8. The single-photon detection device of claim 1 , further comprising a guard ring region provided on a side surface of the second well,
wherein the guard ring region has the second conductivity type.
9. The single-photon detection device of claim 8 , wherein the guard ring region surrounds the second well.
10. The single-photon detection device of claim 1 , wherein the first well extends from a bottom surface of the second well to a side surface of the second well.
11. The single-photon detection device of claim 1 , further comprising a third well surrounding the first well and the second well,
wherein the third well has the first conductivity type.
12. The single-photon detection device of claim 11 , further comprising:
a second depletion forming region provided opposite to the first well with the third well therebetween; and
a third sub-depletion region provided between the second depletion forming region and the third well,
wherein the second depletion forming region has the second conductivity type.
13. The single-photon detection device of claim 11 , further comprising a third contact region provided on the third well and spaced apart from the second well, wherein the third contact region has the first conductivity type.
14. The single-photon detection device of claim 11 , wherein a doping concentration of the third well is lower than a doping concentration of the first well.
15. The single-photon detection device of claim 11 , wherein the third well contacts a side surface of the second well.
16. A single-photon detector comprising:
a single-photon detection device configured to generate an electrical signal by receiving light;
a control layer configured to process the electrical signal; and
a lens unit configured to receive the light from outside and focus the light on the single-photon detection device,
wherein the single-photon detection device comprises a first well having a first conductivity type, a second well provided on the first well and having a second conductivity type that is different from the first conductivity type, a first depletion forming region provided on the second well and having the first conductivity type, a main depletion region provided between the first well and the second well as an avalanche multiplication region, and a first sub-depletion region provided between the second well and the first depletion forming region,
wherein the first well and the first depletion forming region are spaced apart from each other so that the first depletion forming region does not directly contact the first well.
17. The single-photon detector of claim 16 , wherein the control layer is disposed between the single-photon detection device and the lens unit.
18. The single-photon detector of claim 16 , wherein the single-photon detection device is disposed between the control layer and the lens unit.
19. The single-photon detector of claim 16 , wherein the first depletion forming region is disposed closer to the control layer than the lens unit.
20. The single-photon detector of claim 16 , wherein the control layer comprises:
an insulating layer;
wirings; and
circuits,
wherein the wirings electrically connect the first well and the second well to the circuits, and
the circuits comprise a quenching circuit and a readout circuit.
21. The single-photon detector of claim 20 , wherein the circuits further comprise at least one of a recharge circuit, a memory, an amplification circuit, a counter, and a gate circuit.
22. The single-photon detector of claim 16 , wherein the single-photon detector comprises at least one of a color filter, a bandpass filter, an anti-reflection coating, a two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, and an organic material provided on the single-photon detection device.
23. A single-photon detector array comprising:
a plurality of single-photon detection devices configured to generate an electrical signal by receiving light;
a control layer configured to process the electrical signal; and
a plurality of lenses configured to receive the light from outside and respectively focus the light on the plurality of single-photon detection devices,
wherein each of the plurality of single-photon detection devices comprises a first well having a first conductivity type, a second well provided on the first well and having a second conductivity type that is different from the first conductivity type, a first depletion forming region provided on the second well and having the first conductivity type, a main depletion region provided between the first well and the second well as an avalanche multiplication region, and a first sub-depletion region provided between the second well and the first depletion forming region,
wherein the first well and the first depletion forming region are spaced apart from each other so that the first depletion forming region does not directly contact the first well.