Breathable cleanroom barrier fabric
A breathable barrier fabric that is heat sealable and minimizes lint generation without impacting the fabric's overall breathability, comfort and barrier protection, and that can be used to manufacture Helmke Category II or better cleanroom garments suitable for use in ISO Class 3 cleanroom environments and other hygienic applications. The breathable barrier fabric has a composite laminate structure including an inner monolithic film layer made from a breathable polymer bonded to first and second outer spunbond layers comprising thermoplastic bicomponent fibers each having an outer glazed surface where the thermoplastic bicomponent fibers are at least partially flattened.
1. A breathable barrier fabric comprising:
a first outer spunbond layer comprising thermoplastic bicomponent fibers;
an inner monolithic film layer made from a breathable polymer; and
a second outer spunbond layer comprising thermoplastic bicomponent fibers;
the first outer spunbond layer and the second outer spunbond layer each having an inner surface bonded to a surface of the film layer and an outer glazed surface where the thermoplastic bicomponent fibers are at least partially flattened;
the breathable barrier fabric providing barrier properties for protection from viral and bacterial blood-borne pathogens as determined by ATSM F1671 and ISO 16604 test methods,
wherein the inner monolithic comprises a core monolithic sublayer in contact with two outer sublayers wherein the inner sublayer has a lower amount of crystalline segments than the outer sublayers.
2. The breathable barrier fabric of claim 1 , wherein the breathable polymer in the film layer is selected from the group consisting of polyether block amide copolymer, polyester block amide copolymer, copolyester thermoplastic elastomer and thermoplastic urethane elastomer.
3. The breathable barrier fabric of claim 1 , wherein the breathable polymer in the film layer comprises one or more copolyester thermoplastic elastomers.
4. The breathable barrier fabric of claim 2 , wherein the breathable barrier fabric has a water-vapor transmission rate of 500 to 2,100 grams per square meter per day when tested according to ASTM E 96-00.
5. The breathable barrier fabric of claim 4 , wherein the thermoplastic bicomponent fibers in the first outer spunbond nonwoven layer and the second outer spunbond nonwoven layer comprise a polyethylene sheath and a polyethylene terephthalate core.
6. The breathable barrier fabric of claim 5 , wherein the polyethylene sheath comprises a high density polyethylene.
7. The breathable barrier fabric of claim 1 , wherein the outer glazed surface of the first outer spunbond layer and the second outer spunbond layer exhibits an average weight loss not greater than 3.5% calculated based on weight loss measured by the Taber shaving weight loss test method.
8. The breathable barrier fabric of claim 7 , wherein the first outer spunbond layer has a weight in the range of about 10 to 70 grams per square meter, the film layer has a weight in the range of about 5 to 40 grams per square meter, and the second outer spunbond layer has a weight in the range of about 10 to 70 grams per square meter.
9. The breathable barrier fabric of claim 7 , wherein the inner surface of the first outer spunbond layer and the second outer spunbond layer are each bonded to the film layer with an adhesive having a weight in the range of about 1 to 4 grams per square meter selected from the group consisting of hot melt adhesives, ultraviolet curable adhesives, thermoset adhesives, and aqueous based glues.
10. A cleanroom garment comprising the breathable barrier fabric of claim 1 .
11. A method of fabricating a breathable barrier fabric, comprising the steps of:
forming a first outer spunbond layer comprising thermoplastic bicomponent fibers;
forming an inner monolithic film layer made from a breathable polymer, wherein the inner monolithic film comprises a core monolithic sublayer in contact with two outer sublayers wherein the inner sublayer has a lower amount of crystalline segments than the outer sublayers;
forming a second outer spunbond layer comprising thermoplastic bicomponent fibers;
glazing an outer surface of each of the first outer spunbond layer and the second outer spunbond layer such that the thermoplastic bicomponent fibers are at least partially flattened; and
bonding an inner surface of the first outer spunbond layer and the second outer spunbond layer to a surface of the film layer to form the breathable barrier fabric providing barrier properties for protection from viral and bacterial blood-borne pathogens as determined by ATSM F1671 and ISO 16604 test methods.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the breathable polymer in the film layer is selected from the group consisting of polyether block amide copolymer, polyester block amide copolymer, copolyester thermoplastic elastomer and thermoplastic urethane elastomer.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the breathable polymer in the film layer comprises one or more copolyester thermoplastic elastomers.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the film layer is formed to have a water-vapor transmission rate of 500 to 2,100 grams per square meter per day when tested according to ASTM E 96-00.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the thermoplastic bicomponent fibers in the first outer spunbond nonwoven layer and the second outer spunbond nonwoven layer comprise a polyethylene sheath and a polyethylene terephthalate core.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the polyethylene sheath comprises a high density polyethylene.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the glazing step comprises wrapping the first outer spunbond layer in a tensioned state around and in contact with a portion of a circumferential surface of a heated smooth roll which subtends a wrap angle to apply heat and pressure on the outer surface of a portion of the first outer spunbond layer while not applying any heat or pressure on the inner surface of the portion of the first outer spunbond layer, the outer surface of the first outer spunbond layer having an average weight loss not greater than 3.5% calculated based on weight loss measured by the Taber shaving weight loss test method.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the glazing step further comprises wrapping the second outer spunbond layer in a tensioned state around and in contact with the portion of a circumferential surface of the heated smooth roll which subtends the wrap angle to apply heat and pressure on the outer surface of the portion of the second outer spunbond layer while not applying any heat or pressure on the inner surface of the portion of the second outer spunbond layer, the outer surface of the second outer spunbond layer having an average weight loss not greater than 3.5% calculated based on weight loss measured by a Taber shaving weight loss test method.
19. A breathable barrier fabric comprising:
a first outer spunbond layer comprising thermoplastic bicomponent fibers;
an inner monolithic film layer made from a breathable polymer; and
a second outer spunbond layer comprising thermoplastic bicomponent fibers;
the first outer spunbond layer and the second outer spunbond layer each having an inner surface bonded to a surface of the film layer and an outer glazed surface where the thermoplastic bicomponent fibers are at least partially flattened;
the breathable barrier fabric providing barrier properties for protection from viral and bacterial blood-borne pathogens as determined by ATSM F1671 and ISO 16604 test methods,
wherein the inner monolithic film comprises adjacent monolithic sub-layers having varying degrees of crystallinity or having different water vapor transmission rates.