Electrochemical synthesis of cementitious compounds
In some aspects, the present disclosure pertains to methods for the electrochemical production of calcium silicate compounds in an electrochemical cell that comprises (a) a Ca-based electrode that comprises calcium metal or an inorganic calcium material, (b) an SiO x -based electrode that comprises a SiO x material, where x ranges from 1 to 2, and (c) a liquid electrolyte disposed between the Ca-based electrode and the SiO x -based electrode. In these methods, the electrochemical cell is operated under conditions such that calcium cations are produced at the Ca-based electrode and one or more calcium silicate (Ca—Si-oxide) compounds are produced at the SiO x -based electrode. In other aspects, the present disclosure pertains to systems for the electrochemical production of calcium silicate compounds.
1. A method for the electrochemical production of calcium silicate compounds in an electrochemical cell that comprises (a) a Ca-based electrode that comprises calcium metal or an inorganic calcium material, (b) an SiO x -based electrode that comprises a SiO x material, where x ranges from 1 to 2, and (c) a liquid electrolyte disposed between the Ca-based electrode and the SiO x -based electrode, wherein the electrochemical cell is operated under conditions such that calcium cations are produced at the Ca-based electrode and one or more calcium silicate (Ca—Si-oxide) compounds are produced at the SiO x -based electrode.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more calcium silicate compounds that are produced comprise one or more of Wollastonite (CaSiO 3 ), Rankanite (Ca 2 Si 3 O 7 ), Belite (Ca 2 SiO 4 ) and Alite (Ca 3 SiO 5 ).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Ca-based electrode comprises calcium metal and wherein operation of the electrochemical cell produces a usable electrical potential.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic calcium material comprises calcium oxide, wherein oxygen gas is produced at the Ca-based electrode in addition to the calcium cations, and wherein a source of electrical potential is supplied to drive the electrochemical cell.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic calcium material comprises calcium carbonate, wherein oxygen and carbon dioxide gases are produced at the Ca-based electrode in addition to the calcium cations, and wherein a source of electrical potential is supplied to drive the electrochemical cell.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic calcium material comprises calcium sulfate, wherein oxygen and sulfur dioxide gas is produced at the Ca-based electrode in addition to the calcium cations, and a source of electrical potential is supplied to drive the electrochemical cell.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein oxygen is introduced at the SiO x -based electrode to reduce or prevent the formation of silicon at the SiO x -based electrode.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a solution of one or more calcium salts in an organic solvent, in an aqueous solution, or in a solid electrolyte melt.
9. A system for the electrochemical production of calcium silicate compounds, wherein the system comprises an electrochemical cell that comprises (a) a Ca-based electrode that comprises calcium metal or an inorganic calcium material, (b) an SiO x -based electrode that comprises a SiO x material, where x ranges from 1 to 2, and (c) a liquid electrolyte disposed between the Ca-based electrode and the SiO x -based electrode, and wherein the system is configured to operate the electrochemical cell under conditions such that calcium cations are produced at the Ca-based electrode and one or more calcium silicate compounds are produced at the SiO x -based electrode.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the Ca-based electrode, the SiO x -based electrode, and the electrolyte are placed inside a closed cell.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the Ca-based electrode and the SiO x -based electrodes are dipped into the liquid electrolyte.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the Ca-based electrode comprises calcium metal.
13. The system of claim 11 , wherein the Ca-based electrode comprises an inorganic calcium material selected from calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, and calcium sulfate dihydrate.
14. The system of claim 13 further comprising a voltage source for supplying energy to operate the electrochemical cell.
15. The system of claim 13 , wherein the Ca-based electrode comprises a current collector in contact with a material comprising a mixture of the inorganic calcium material, a conductive material, and a binder.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the SiO x -based electrode comprises a current collector in contact with an SiO x -containing material comprising a mixture of the SiO x material, a conductive material, and a binder.
17. The system of claim 15 wherein the SiO x -based electrode comprises a mesh current collector disposed between and in contact with first and second layers of the SiO x -containing material, and an oxygen-gas-permeable membrane disposed on an outer surface of the first layer, wherein the oxygen-gas-permeable membrane is configured to be exposed to O 2 gas during operation of the electrochemical cell, and wherein an outer surface of the second layer is placed in contact with the liquid electrolyte.
18. The system of claim 17 , further comprising an ionically conductive separator positioned between the Ca-based electrode and the SiO x -based electrode.
19. The system of claim 18 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a solution of one or more calcium salts in an organic solvent, in an aqueous solution or in a solid electrolyte melt.
20. The system of claim 19 , further comprising a voltage source for supplying energy to operate the electrochemical cell.