Level shifter and multi-voltage-domain circuits
An electronic circuit that switchably generates an offset-bias output at a offset-bias voltage in response to at least an enable signal at a low voltage relative to the offset-bias voltage is provided. The electronic circuit includes a reference input terminal, configured to be connected to a reference voltage; a low-voltage-input terminal, configured to receive the enable signal at a first voltage; a high-voltage-supply terminal, configured to receive power at a second voltage; an offset-bias output terminal, configured to output the offset-bias output, the offset-bias voltage being less than the second voltage; a voltage-offset circuit configured to generate the offset-bias voltage from the second voltage; a bias circuit configured to switchably provide a bias current to the voltage-offset circuit; and a high-voltage stand-off circuit, connected between the bias circuit and the voltage-offset circuit and configured to withstand a voltage difference between the second voltage and the reference voltage.
1 . An electronic circuit, configured to switchably generate an offset-bias output at a offset-bias voltage (V C ) in response to at least an enable signal (EN) at a low voltage relative to the offset-bias voltage, and comprising:
a reference input terminal, configured to be connected to a reference voltage (GND);
a low-voltage-input terminal, configured to receive the enable signal at a first voltage;
a high-voltage-supply terminal, configured to receive power at a second voltage (V B );
an offset-bias output terminal, configured to output the offset-bias output, wherein the offset-bias voltage is less than the second voltage;
a voltage-offset circuit configured to generate the offset-bias voltage from the second voltage;
a bias circuit configured to switchably provide a bias current (Ib 1 ) to the voltage-offset circuit; and
a high-voltage stand-off circuit, connected between the bias circuit and the voltage-offset circuit and configured to withstand a voltage difference between the second voltage (V B ) and the reference voltage (GND);
wherein the voltage-offset circuit comprises:
a push-pull circuit;
a voltage-drop circuit comprising a series arrangement of a set of M−1 diode-connected p-FETs each having a gate-source voltage Vgs, connected between the high-voltage-supply terminal and a first node of the push-pull circuit to provide a voltage (M−1)·Vgs therebetween; and
a variable current source, connected between the high-voltage-supply terminal and the offset-bias output terminal and configured to provide a variable current at the offset-bias output terminal to stabilise the offset-bias voltage;
and wherein the push-pull circuit comprises a further p-FET having a gate-source voltage Vgs and at least one, N, n-FET connected between the high-voltage-supply terminal and the bias output terminal and having a threshold voltage Vt, and arranged to provide a voltage difference Vgs+N·(Vt) between the first node and the offset-bias output terminal;
wherein M is a natural number greater than 1 and N is a natural number greater than 0.
2 . The electronic circuit according to claim 1 , further comprising a pull-up circuit ( 540 ) configured to tie the bias voltage to the second voltage in response to the enable signal not enabling the electronic circuit.
3 . The electronic circuit according to claim 1 , wherein each p-FET of the plurality of series-connected FETs is configured to be diode-connected by having a drain connected to its respective gate.
4 . The electronic circuit according to claim 1 , wherein M=3.
5 . The electronic circuit according to claim 1 , wherein N=1, and a source of the n-FET is connected to the high-voltage-supply terminal, and a drain of the n-FET is connected to the offset-bias output terminal.
6 . The electronic circuit according to claim 1 , wherein N=2, such that there is a first n-FET and a second n-FET, a gate of the first n-FET is connected to the gate of the further p-FET, a drain of the first n-FET is connected to a gate of a second n-FET, a drain of the second n-FET is connected to the offset-bias output terminal, and a source of each of the first and second n-FET is connected to the high-voltage-supply terminal.
7 . The electronic circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the bias circuit comprises a bias input configured to receive an input bias current, and a current mirror configured to provide the bias current (Ib 1 ) as a copy of the input bias current (Ib).
8 . The electronic circuit according to claim 7 , further comprising a first switch configured to switchably disconnect the current mirror from the reference input terminal in response to the enable signal not enabling the electronic circuit.
9 . The electronic circuit according to claim 7 further comprising a second switch configured to switchably disconnect the current mirror from the bias input in response to the enable signal not enabling the electronic circuit.
10 . The electronic circuit according to claim 7 , wherein the current mirror comprises a pair of n-FETs, any first switch comprises a p-FET, and any second switch comprises an n-FET.
11 . The electronic circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the push-pull circuit comprises at least one switch configured to switchably disconnect the push-pull circuit from at least one of the current mirror and the reference terminal, in response to the enable signal not enabling the electronic circuit.
12 . The electronic circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the set of series-connected FETs is a first set of series-connected FETs, and the voltage-offset circuit ( 510 ) further comprises an additional set of M−1 series-connected p-type FETs, connected between the high-voltage-supply rail (V B ) and the bias output terminal, each having a gate connected to a respective corresponding gate of the first set of series-connected FETs.
13 . The electronic circuit according to claim 2 , wherein the pull-up circuit comprises a resistor and a capacitor, each connected between the high-voltage-supply terminal and the bias output terminal.
14 . The electronic circuit according to claim 1 , further comprising an input terminal (IN), wherein the electronic circuit is configured to generate the bias output in response to both the enable signal and an input signal on the input terminal.
15 . A level-shifting circuit arranged to shift a signal having a low and a high state from a low-voltage domain to a high-voltage domain, comprising:
a level shifter, wherein a offset-bias output is provided to the level shifter as a voltage for the low state of the high-voltage domain, and
an electronic circuit, configured to switchably generate an offset-bias output at a offset-bias voltage (V C ) in response to at least an enable signal (EN) at a low voltage relative to the offset-bias voltage, and comprising:
a reference input terminal, configured to be connected to a reference voltage (GND);
a low-voltage-input terminal, configured to receive the enable signal at a first voltage;
a high-voltage-supply terminal, configured to receive power at a second voltage (V B );
an offset-bias output terminal, configured to output the offset-bias output, wherein the offset-bias voltage is less than the second voltage;
a voltage-offset circuit configured to generate the offset-bias voltage from the second voltage;
a bias circuit configured to switchably provide a bias current (Ib 1 ) to the voltage-offset circuit; and
a high-voltage stand-off circuit, connected between the bias circuit and the voltage-offset circuit and configured to withstand a voltage difference between the second voltage (V B ) and the reference voltage (GND);
wherein the voltage-offset circuit comprises:
a push-pull circuit;
a voltage-drop circuit comprising a series arrangement of a set of M−1 diode-connected p-FETs each having a gate-source voltage Vgs, connected between the high-voltage-supply terminal and a first node of the push-pull circuit to provide a voltage (M−1)·Vgs therebetween; and
a variable current source, connected between the high-voltage-supply terminal and the offset-bias output terminal and configured to provide a variable current at the offset-bias output terminal to stabilise the offset-bias voltage;
and wherein the push-pull circuit comprises a further p-FET having a gate-source voltage Vgs and at least one, N, n-FET connected between the high-voltage-supply terminal and the bias output terminal and having a threshold voltage Vt, and arranged to provide a voltage difference Vgs+N·(Vt) between the first node and the offset-bias output terminal;
wherein M is a natural number greater than 1 and N is a natural number greater than 0.
16 . The level-shifting circuit of claim 15 , where in the reference voltage is 0 V, and the first voltage is a voltage between 1.0 and 5.5V.
17 . The level-shifting circuit of claim 15 , wherein a difference between the second voltage and the offset-by voltage is between 1.0 and 5.5V.
18 . The level shifting circuit of claim 15 , wherein the second voltage is between 24 and 48 V.
19 . The level shifting circuit of claim 15 , wherein the second voltage is between 100 and 200 V.
20 . The level shifting circuit of claim 15 , wherein the bias current is between 0.5 uA mA and 1 uA 10 mA.