Articles including nanostructured surfaces and enclosed voids, methods of making same, and optical elements
The present disclosure provides an article including a layer having a nanostructured first surface including nanofeatures and an opposing second surface, and an inorganic layer including a major surface bonded to a portion of the nanostructured first surface. The nanostructured first surface includes protruding features that are formed of a single composition and/or recessed features. The article includes at least one enclosed void defined in part by the nanostructured first surface. The present disclosure also provides a method of making the article including treating a major surface of an inorganic layer with a coupling agent, contacting a nanostructured surface of a layer with the treated inorganic layer, and securing the two layers together via a bonded coupling agent by bonding at least one of the nanostructured surface or the treated inorganic layer. In addition, the present disclosure provides an optical element including the article. The nanostructured surface of the article is protected from damage and contamination by the inorganic layer.
1 . An article comprising:
a) a first layer comprising a nanostructured first surface comprising nanofeatures and an opposing second surface, wherein the nanostructured first surface comprises recessed features, or protruding features formed of a single composition, or both recessed and protruding features, and wherein the first layer comprises an organic material; and
b) a second layer comprising a first major surface and an opposing second major surface, the first major surface bonded to a portion of the nanostructured first surface of the first layer via a bonded coupling agent, wherein the article comprises at least one enclosed void defined in part by the nanostructured first surface of the first layer, wherein the second layer comprises an inorganic material, and wherein the bonded coupling agent comprises at least a first functional group that bonds to the nanostructured first surface of the first layer and at least a second different functional group that bonds to the first major surface of the second layer.
2 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the bonded coupling agent is present as a portion of a coupling agent layer having a thickness of less than 100 nanometers (nm).
3 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the bonded coupling agent directly bonds the first major surface of the second layer to the nanostructured first surface of the first layer.
4 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic material comprises an oxide, a nitride, a carbide, or a boride of a metal or a nonmetal, or combinations thereof.
5 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic material comprises an oxide of titanium, indium, tin, tantalum, zirconium, niobium, aluminum, silicon, or combinations thereof.
6 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic material comprises glass.
7 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic material is in the form of a self-supporting layer.
8 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic material is in the form of a coating or layer that is not self-supporting, and wherein the second layer comprises the inorganic material supported on a polymeric material.
9 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the at least one enclosed void contains a gas.
10 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the first layer comprises a crosslinked material or a crosslinkable material.
11 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the bonded coupling agent comprises at least one functional group selected from an acrylate, a urethane, a urea, an alkylene, a ureido, an isocyanate, an epoxy, an alcohol, an amine, a thiol, a phenol, an amino, an acid, a heteroatom, and at least one of silicon, phosphorous, titanium, or zirconium.
12 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the second layer is nonporous.
13 . An optical element including the article of claim 1 .