Polymeric articles having dye sublimation printed images and method to form them
An article is comprised of a thermoset polymer having a dye sublimation image in a layer attached or integral to a surface of the thermoset polymer, wherein at least a portion of the thermoset polymer is a foam. The foam article may be made by pretreating a thermoset organic polymer foam to a temperature of 100° C. to about 250° C. for a time sufficient to stabilize the thermoset polymer and dye sublimating an image into a layer of the pretreated thermoset foam. The foam article having the dye sublimation image may be used for applications having aesthetic or structural requirements such as railing, decking or fences.
1 . An article comprised of a rigid thermoset polymer foam comprised of a thermoset polymer having a uniform and consistent dye sublimation image in an image accepting layer that is at least partially directly attached or integral to a surface of the rigid thermoset foam, wherein the thermoset foam has a porosity that is essentially the same before and after dye sublimating to form the image accepting layer and the rigid thermoset polymer foam, wherein at least 50% of the article by weight is the rigid thermoset polymer foam, wherein the rigid thermoset foam has an elastic modulus of at least 5000-psi before and after dye sublimation is performed while the image accepting layer is directly attached or integral with the rigid thermoset polymer foam, and wherein the rigid thermoset polymer foam has a degradation temperature that is within about 10 degrees Celsius where the dye sublimation was performed.
2 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the thermoset polymer is comprised of one or more cross-linked polymers: polyester, polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, polyurea, polyurea/polyurethane, phenol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, melamine, diallyl-phthalate, epoxy, epoxy-novolac, benzoxazine, polyimide, bismaleimide, cyanate ester, furan resin, silicone or mixture thereof.
3 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the thermoset polymer is comprised of a reinforcing component, wherein the reinforcing component is comprised of any one of particles, fiber, honeycomb, rod or sheet, comprised of an inorganic compound.
4 . The article of claim 3 , wherein the reinforcement is comprised of at least one of particles, fiber and sheet.
5 . The article of claim 1 , wherein rigid thermoset polymer foam is a foam without a skin, and
wherein the dye sublimation layer adhered to the thermoset polymer is comprised of a different material than the rigid thermoset polymer foam, wherein the different material may be a ceramic, organic polymer, metal, or mixture or composite thereof.
6 . The article of claim 5 ,
wherein a cap layer encapsulates at least a portion of the image accepting layer, and wherein the cap layer is comprised of a thermoplastic organic polymer or thermoset organic polymer.
7 . The article of claim 6 , wherein the image accepting layer or cap layer has texturing that is in the form of wood grain, stone, brick or tile.
8 . The article of claim 6 , wherein the thermoplastic organic polymer is a polymer comprised of one or more polar groups.
9 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the dye sublimation image has a depth of about 10 micrometers to about 5 mm;
wherein the article has a thermal conductivity that is at most about 1 W/mK according to ASTM C518-15;
wherein the article has a bending strength of about 250 psi to 20,000 psi according to ASTM D143;
wherein the article has and an apparent density of at most about 1.5 g/cc; and
wherein the article has a modulus of elasticity of 100,000 to 2,000,000 psi.
10 . The article of claim 1 , wherein the rigid thermoset foam has an elastic modulus of at least 50,000 psi.
11 . An article comprised of a rigid thermoset polymer foam having a uniform and consistent dye sublimation image in an image accepting layer directly attached or integral to a surface of the rigid thermoset polymer foam, wherein the thermoset foam has a porosity that is essentially the same before and after dye sublimating to form the image accepting layer and the rigid thermoset polymer foam, wherein the rigid thermoset polymer foam has an elastic modulus of 10,000 pounds per square inch or more before and after dye sublimation is performed while the image accepting layer is directly attached or integral with the rigid thermoset polymer foam, wherein about 50 percent or more by weight based on the total weight of the article is the rigid thermoset polymer foam, and wherein the rigid thermoset polymer foam has a degradation temperature that is within about 10 degrees Celsius where the dye sublimation was performed.
12 . The article of claim 11 , wherein the rigid thermoset polymer foam has a bending strength of at least 250 psi.
13 . The article of claim 11 , wherein the article has an apparent density of at most about 1 g/cc.