Methods for depositing film layers
A method for depositing a film layer on a substrate incorporates ion flux control to alter sputtering atom trajectories. A method may include flowing argon gas around a periphery of the substrate with a surface of the substrate having a plurality of structures with sidewalls and an edge region containing edge structures near the periphery of the substrate, forming a plasma to ionize the argon gas to form Ar+ ion flux to induce sputtering of aluminum to generate aluminum atoms for deposition on the substrate, generating an AC bias on the substrate to increase the Ar+ ion flux density at the edge region of the substrate to alter aluminum atom trajectories striking the edge region, and heating the substrate to increase mobility of the aluminum atoms deposited on the edge structures.
1 . A method for depositing a film layer on a substrate, comprising:
flowing an inert gas up and around a periphery of the substrate, wherein the inert gas has a flow rate of approximately 10 sccm to approximately 3000 sccm, wherein a surface of the substrate has a plurality of structures with sidewalls, and wherein the substrate has an edge region containing edge structures near the periphery of the substrate;
forming a plasma in a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process to ionize the inert gas that is flowing during deposition to form an ion flux to induce sputtering of a metal material to form metal atoms for deposition on the substrate, wherein the metal material has an ionization percentage of approximately three percent or less;
generating an AC bias on the substrate to increase ion flux density at the edge region of the substrate to alter metal atom trajectories striking the edge region to increase sidewall coverage symmetry of outward sidewalls of the edge structures, wherein the AC bias is approximately 100 watts to approximately 3000 watts; and
heating the substrate to increase mobility of the metal atoms deposited on the edge structures and to increase deposition coverage, wherein a temperature of the substrate is approximately 150 degrees Celsius to approximately 500 degrees Celsius.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
depositing the metal material at a pressure of approximately 1.5 mTorr to approximately 14 m Torr.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the AC bias has a frequency of approximately 13.56 MHz.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the inert gas is argon and the ion flux is comprised of Ar+.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal material is aluminum or copper.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is approximately 300 degrees Celsius, the AC bias is approximately 800 watts, and the flow rate of the inert gas is approximately 50 sccm to approximately 325 sccm.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of structures has openings with a depth of less than approximately 0.3 micrometers.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of structures have openings with a depth of approximately 0.8 micrometers.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate has a plurality of dies on the surface of the substrate that contain the plurality of structures with sidewalls.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of structures with sidewalls is an alignment key for a photolithography process.
11 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
tuning sidewall coverage and diffusion properties of the metal material by adjusting the AC bias and temperature during deposition of the metal material on the substrate.
12 . A method for depositing a film layer on a substrate, comprising:
flowing argon gas up and around a periphery of the substrate, wherein the argon gas has a flow rate of approximately 10 sccm to approximately 3000 sccm, wherein a surface of the substrate has a plurality of structures with sidewalls, and wherein the substrate has an edge region containing edge structures near the periphery of the substrate;
forming a plasma in a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process to ionize the argon gas that is flowing during deposition to form Ar+ ion flux to induce sputtering of aluminum to generate aluminum atoms for deposition on the substrate;
generating an AC bias on the substrate to increase Ar+ ion flux density at the edge region of the substrate to alter aluminum atom trajectories striking the edge region to increase sidewall coverage symmetry of outward sidewalls of the edge structures, wherein the AC bias is approximately 100 watts to approximately 3000 watts; and
heating the substrate to increase mobility of the aluminum atoms deposited on the edge structures and to increase deposition coverage, wherein a temperature of the substrate is approximately 150 degrees Celsius to approximately 500 degrees Celsius.
13 . The method of claim 12 further comprising:
depositing the aluminum at a pressure of approximately 1.5 mTorr to approximately 14 m Torr.
14 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the AC bias has a frequency of approximately 13.56 MHz.
15 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the temperature is approximately 300 degrees Celsius, the AC bias is approximately 800 watts, and the flow rate of the argon gas is approximately 50 sccm to approximately 325 sccm.
16 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the substrate has a plurality of dies on the surface of the substrate that contain the plurality of structures with sidewalls.
17 . The method of claim 12 , wherein at least one of the plurality of structures with sidewalls is an alignment key for a photolithography process.
18 . The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
tuning sidewall coverage and diffusion properties of the aluminum by adjusting the AC bias and temperature during deposition of the aluminum on the substrate.
19 . A non-transitory, computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed, cause a method for depositing a film layer on a substrate, the method comprising:
flowing argon gas up and around a periphery of the substrate, wherein the argon gas has a flow rate of approximately 10 sccm to approximately 3000 sccm, wherein a surface of the substrate has a plurality of structures with sidewalls, and wherein the substrate has an edge region containing edge structures near the periphery of the substrate;
forming a plasma in a physical vapor deposition (PVD) process to ionize the argon gas that is flowing during deposition to form Ar+ ion flux to induce sputtering of aluminum to generate aluminum atoms for deposition on the substrate;
generating an AC bias on the substrate to increase Ar+ ion flux density at the edge region of the substrate to alter aluminum atom trajectories striking the edge region to increase sidewall coverage symmetry of outward sidewalls of the edge structures, wherein the AC bias is approximately 100 watts to approximately 3000 watts; and
heating the substrate to increase mobility of the aluminum atoms deposited on the edge structures and to increase deposition coverage, wherein a temperature of the substrate is approximately 150 degrees Celsius to approximately 500 degrees Celsius.
20 . The non-transitory, computer readable medium of claim 19 , the method further comprising:
depositing the aluminum at a pressure of approximately 1.5 mTorr to approximately 14 m Torr.