Optical device, substrate type optical waveguide element, optical communication apparatus, and inter-waveguide transition method
An optical device includes a transition unit in which a first waveguide and a second waveguide are disposed in an overlapped manner such that a magnitude relationship of an effective refractive index between the vertical modes propagating the first waveguide and the vertical modes propagating the second waveguide is inverted at the positions of input and output. The transition unit allows, at the input, the second waveguide to be a single mode waveguide and allows, at the output, the second waveguide to be a multi-mode waveguide through which TM0 light in the maximum vertical mode and light in a higher-order mode propagate. The optical device includes a removing unit that allows the second waveguide to be a single mode waveguide through which the TM0 light propagates by removing the light in the higher-order mode from the light received from the transition unit.
1 . An optical device through which light in TM modes propagates by indirect transition between a first waveguide that is disposed on a first layer and has a first material refractive index and a second waveguide that is disposed on a second layer different from the first layer and has a second material refractive index that is lower than the first material refractive index, the second waveguide including a second tapered waveguide in which optical coupling is performed with the first waveguide based on the indirect transition and a waveguide width is gradually increased in accordance with a traveling direction of the light, the second waveguide including a straight-line waveguide in which optical coupling is performed with the second tapered waveguide, and a third tapered waveguide that includes an output end and an input end in which optical coupling is performed with the straight-line waveguide of the second waveguide and a waveguide width is gradually reduced from the input end to the output end in accordance with the traveling direction of the light, the output end having the waveguide width that is a single mode waveguide through which TMO light propagates, and the third tapered waveguides including a straight-line waveguide in which optical coupling is performed with the third tapered waveguide,
the optical device comprising:
a transition unit that includes an input portion having the second tapered waveguide that is a single mode waveguide through which TMO light having a maximum effective refractive index propagates, and that includes an output portion having the second tapered waveguide that is a multi-mode waveguide through which the TMO light and light in a higher order TM mode propagate, an input portion of the first waveguide and an input portion of the second tapered waveguide overlapping with a first space between the input portions and an output portion of the first waveguide and an output portion of the second tapered waveguide overlapping with a second space between the output portions such that a magnitude relationship between the maximum effective refractive index of the TM modes propagating through the first waveguide and the maximum effective refractive index of the TM modes propagating through the second tapered waveguide is inverted at the input portions and the output portions; and
a removing unit that includes the third tapered waveguide that is the single mode waveguide through which the TMO light propagates by removing the light in the higher order TM mode from the light in the TM modes received from the second tapered waveguide through the third tapered waveguide and propagating the TMO light from the second tapered waveguide through the third tapered waveguide.
2 . The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the light in TM modes and in TE modes orthogonal to the TM modes propagates through the optical device by indirect transition between the first waveguide and the second waveguide.
3 . The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein
the first waveguide includes a first tapered waveguide in which a waveguide width is gradually reduced in accordance with a traveling direction of the light,
the second waveguide includes
the second tapered waveguide in which optical coupling is performed with the first tapered waveguide based on the indirect transition and the waveguide width is gradually increased in accordance with the traveling direction of the light.
4 . The optical device according to claim 3 , wherein, in the transition unit, the magnitude relationship between the maximum effective refractive index of the TM modes propagating through the first tapered waveguide in a case where the first tapered waveguide is an isolated waveguide and the maximum effective refractive index of the TM modes propagating through the second tapered waveguide in a case where the second tapered waveguide is an isolated waveguide is inverted at the input portions and the output portions.
5 . The optical device according to claim 3 , wherein
the transition unit
has a structure in which the waveguide width of the second tapered waveguide located at the output portion of the transition unit is larger than the waveguide width of the first tapered waveguide located at the input portion of the transition unit.
6 . The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein
the first waveguide covered by a clad on a substrate is made of a material including Silicon (Si),
the second waveguide covered by the clad on the substrate is made of a material including Silicon Nitride (SiN), and
the clad is made of a material including SiO 2 .
7 . The optical device according to claim 1 , wherein the first waveguide and the second waveguide are rib waveguides.
8 . A substrate type optical waveguide element through which light in TM modes propagates by indirect transition between a first waveguide that is disposed on a first layer and has a first material refractive index and a second waveguide that is disposed on a second layer different from the first layer and has a second material refractive index that is lower than the first material refractive index, the second waveguide including a second tapered waveguide in which optical coupling is performed with the first waveguide based on the indirect transition and a waveguide width is gradually increased in accordance with a traveling direction of the light, the second waveguide including a straight-line waveguide in which optical coupling is performed with the second tapered waveguide, and a third tapered waveguide that includes an output end and an input end in which optical coupling is performed with the straight-line waveguide of the second waveguide and a waveguide width is gradually reduced from the input end to the output end in accordance with the traveling direction of the light, the output end having the waveguide width that is a single mode waveguide through which TMO light propagates, and the third tapered waveguide including a straight-line waveguide in which optical coupling is performed with the third tapered waveguide,
the substrate type optical waveguide element comprising:
a transition unit that includes an input portion having the second tapered waveguide that is a single mode waveguide through which TMO light having a maximum effective refractive index propagates, and that includes an output portion having the second tapered waveguide that is a multi-mode waveguide through which the TMO light and light in a higher order TM mode propagate, an input portion of the first waveguide and an input portion of the second tapered waveguide overlapping with a first space between the input portions and an output portion of the first waveguide and an output portion of the second tapered waveguide overlapping with a second space between the output portions such that a magnitude relationship between the maximum effective refractive index of the TM modes propagating through the first waveguide and the maximum effective refractive index of the TM modes propagating through the second tapered waveguide is inverted at the input portions and the output portions; and
a removing unit that includes the third tapered waveguide that is the single mode waveguide through which the TMO light propagates by removing the light in the higher order TM mode from the light in the TM modes received from the second tapered waveguide through the third tapered waveguide and propagating the TMO light from the second tapered waveguide through the third tapered waveguide.
9 . An optical communication apparatus comprising:
a light source;
an optical transmitter that performs optical modulation on light received from the light source by using a transmission signal and that transmits transmission light;
an optical receiver that receives a reception signal from reception light by using the light received from the light source; and
a substrate type optical waveguide element functioning as a waveguide that is used to propagate the light through the optical transmitter and the optical receiver, wherein
the substrate type optical waveguide element through which light in TM modes propagates by indirect transition between a first waveguide that is disposed on a first layer and has a first material refractive index and a second waveguide that is disposed on a second layer different from the first layer and has a second material refractive index that is lower than the first material refractive index, the second waveguide including a second tapered waveguide in which optical coupling is performed with the first waveguide based on the indirect transition and a waveguide width is gradually increased in accordance with a traveling direction of the light, the second waveguide including a straight-line waveguide in which optical coupling is performed with the second tapered waveguide, and a third tapered waveguide that includes an output end and an input end in which optical coupling is performed with the straight-line waveguide of the second waveguide and a waveguide width is gradually reduced from the input end to the output end in accordance with the traveling direction of the light, the output end having the waveguide width that is a single mode waveguide through which TMO light propagates, and the third tapered waveguide including a straight-line waveguide in which optical coupling is performed with the third tapered waveguide,
includes:
a transition unit that includes an input portion having the second tapered waveguide that is as a single mode waveguide through which TMO light, having a maximum effective refractive index propagates, and that includes an output portion having the second tapered waveguide that is a multi-mode waveguide through which the TMO light and light in a higher order TM mode propagate, an input portion of the first waveguide and an input portion of the second tapered waveguide overlapping with a first space between the input portions and an output portion of the first waveguide and an output portion of the second tapered waveguide overlapping with a second space between the output portions such that a magnitude relationship between the maximum effective refractive index of the TM modes propagating through the first waveguide and the maximum effective refractive index of the TM modes propagating through the second waveguide is inverted at positions of the input portion portions and the output portion portions, and
a removing unit that includes the third tapered waveguide that is the single mode waveguide through which the TMO light propagates by removing the light in the higher order TM mode from the light in the TM modes received from the second tapered waveguide through the third tapered waveguide and propagating the TMO light from the second tapered waveguide through the third tapered waveguide.
10 . An inter-waveguide transition method for allowing light in TM modes to propagate by indirect transition between a first waveguide that is disposed on a first layer and has a first material refractive index and a second waveguide that is disposed on a second layer different from the first layer and has a second material refractive index that is lower than the first material refractive index, the second waveguide including a second tapered waveguide in which optical coupling is performed with the first waveguide based on the indirect transition and a waveguide width is gradually increased in accordance with a traveling direction of the light, the second waveguide including a straight-line waveguide in which optical coupling is performed with the second tapered waveguide, and a third tapered waveguide that includes an output end and an input end in which optical coupling is performed with the straight-line waveguide of the second waveguide and a waveguide width is gradually reduced from the input end to the output end in accordance with the traveling direction of the light, the output end having the waveguide width that is a single mode waveguide through which TMO light propagates, and the third tapered waveguide including a straight-line waveguide in which optical coupling is performed with the third tapered waveguide,
the inter-waveguide transition method for performing a process comprising:
overlapping an input portion of the first waveguide and an input portion of the second tapered waveguide with a first space between the input portions and overlapping an output portion of the first waveguide and an output portion of the second tapered waveguide with a second space between the output portions, the input portion of the second tapered waveguide being a single mode waveguide through which TMO light having a maximum effective refractive index propagates, the output portion of the second tapered waveguide being a multi-mode waveguide through which the TMO light and light in a higher order TM mode propagate, such that a magnitude relationship between the maximum effective refractive index of the TM modes propagating through the first waveguide and the maximum effective refractive index of the TM modes propagating through the second tapered waveguide is inverted at the input portions and the output portions;
removing the light in the higher order TM mode from the light in the TM modes received from the second tapered waveguide through the third tapered waveguide that is the single mode waveguide through which the TMO light propagates; and
propagating the TMO light from the second tapered waveguide through the third tapered waveguide.