Apparatus, methods and systems for electrically heated particulate filter and SCR catalyst in vehicles
The enclosed disclosure relates to vehicle systems in which an engine, a particulate filter fluidly coupled with the engine, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system fluidly coupled with the engine downstream of the particulate filter, an electrical heating device implemented with the particulate filter, and a controller operatively coupled with the engine and the electrical heating device, are implemented. The controller can detect, when the engine is turned off, a condition for turning on the engine, detect a temperature of the particulate filter of the SCR system, activate the electrical heating device in response to the detected temperature being below a lower temperature threshold, and turn on the engine in response to the detected temperature being at or above the lower temperature threshold.
1 . A vehicle system of a vehicle, the vehicle system comprising:
an engine;
on-board energy sources providing electrical energy, the on-board energy sources including an energy storage device and an electric machine;
a particulate filter fluidly coupled with the engine and located downstream of the engine;
an electrical heating device that is in direct contact with the particulate filter; and
a controller operatively coupled with the engine, the on-board energy sources, and the electrical heating device, the controller configured to:
detect, when the engine is turned off in an electric vehicle (EV) mode in which only the electric machine provides power to drive the vehicle, a predicted future increase in a vehicle power demand within a lookahead window;
detect a temperature of the particulate filter upon detecting the predicted future increase in the vehicle power demand;
in response to the detected temperature being below a lower temperature threshold, activate the electrical heating device using the on-board energy sources to increase the temperature of the particulate filter; and
turn on the engine in response to the detected temperature being at or above the lower temperature threshold based on the predicted future increase in the vehicle power demand.
2 . The vehicle system of claim 1 , wherein the electrical heating device and the particulate filter are implemented in a common housing.
3 . The vehicle system of claim 1 , the controller further configured to deactivate, after the engine is turned on, the electrical heating device in response to detecting the temperature of the particulate filter being above an upper temperature threshold.
4 . The vehicle system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to control the electrical heating device based on exhaust flow rate and exhaust temperature from the engine.
5 . The vehicle system of claim 4 , wherein the controller is configured to activate the electrical heating device at a higher power setting in response to detecting the exhaust flow rate is below a flow rate threshold and the exhaust temperature is below the lower temperature threshold.
6 . The vehicle system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to detect that a state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device is below a lower SOC threshold.
7 . The vehicle system of claim 6 , wherein the controller is configured to control the electrical heating device based on the SOC of the energy storage device.
8 . The vehicle system of claim 1 , wherein the particulate filter and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system are combined in a single component.
9 . The vehicle system of claim 1 , further comprising a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system that is located downstream of the particulate filter.
10 . A method of operating a vehicle system of a vehicle, the method comprising:
detecting, by a controller of the vehicle system when an engine of the vehicle system is turned off in an electric vehicle (EV) mode in which only an electric machine provides power to drive the vehicle, a predicted future increase in a vehicle power demand within a lookahead window;
detecting, by the controller upon detecting the predicted future increase in the vehicle power demand, a temperature of a particulate filter fluidly coupled with the engine and located downstream of the engine;
in response to the detected temperature being below a lower temperature threshold, activating, by the controller, an electrical heating device that is in direct contact with the particulate filter using on-board energy sources to increase the temperature of the particulate filter, the on-board energy sources including an energy storage device and the electric machine; and
turning on, by the controller, the engine in response to the detected temperature being at or above the lower temperature threshold to facilitate the predicted future increase in the vehicle power demand.
11 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising: deactivating, by the controller after the engine is turned on, the electrical heating device in response to detecting the temperature of the particulate filter being above an upper temperature threshold.
12 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising: controlling, by the controller, the electrical heating device based on exhaust flow rate and exhaust temperature from the engine.
13 . The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
detecting, by the controller, the exhaust flow rate being below a flow rate threshold and the exhaust temperature is below the lower temperature threshold; and
activating, by the controller, the electrical heating device at a higher power setting.
14 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
detecting that a state of charge (SOC) of the energy storage device coupled with the electric machine is below a lower SOC threshold.
15 . The method of claim 14 , further comprising: controlling, by the controller, the electrical heating device based on the SOC of the energy storage device.
16 . The method of claim 10 , wherein detecting the temperature of the particulate filter includes detecting the temperature of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system that is combined with the particulate filter in a single component.
17 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising: detecting a temperature of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system that is located downstream of the particulate filter.
18 . A vehicle system of a vehicle, the vehicle system comprising:
an engine;
on-board energy sources providing electrical energy, the on-board energy sources including an energy storage device and an electric machine;
a particulate filter fluidly coupled with the engine;
an electrical heating device that is in direct contact with the particulate filter; and
a controller operatively coupled with the engine and the electrical heating device, the controller configured to:
predict, when the engine is turned off in an electric vehicle (EV) mode in which only the electric machine provides power to drive the vehicle, a future increase in a vehicle speed within a lookahead window;
detect a temperature of the particulate filter upon predicting the future increase in the vehicle speed;
activate the electrical heating device using the on-board energy sources in response to the detected temperature being below a lower temperature threshold; and
turn on the engine in response to the detected temperature being at or above the lower temperature threshold to increase the vehicle speed within the lookahead window.
19 . The vehicle system of claim 1 , wherein the predicted future increase in the vehicle power demand is determined based on a predicted future increase in a vehicle speed.
20 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the predicted future increase in the vehicle power demand is determined based on a predicted future increase in a vehicle speed.