Systems and methods for geothermal energy storage
A method and system may be used for storing energy in a geothermal system and recovering both the stored energy as well as thermal energy on demand. The geothermal system may include injection and production wells that are hydraulically coupled in a geothermal energy reservoir that behaves as a confined reservoir system with thermal energy transferring to fluid injected into the injection well and removed via the production well. Injection flow rate, injection pressure, production flow rate, production backpressure, or fluid residence time may be managed to control energy consumption or energy generation profiles of the geothermal system. During an energy storage mode, the injection flow rate exceeds the production flow rate thereby storing energy in the geothermal reservoir. During an energy recovery mode, production backpressure is reduced thereby releasing the stored energy and electricity is generated by removing the thermal energy from the fluid in a heat engine.
1 . A method for shifting geothermal energy production from a lower demand period to a higher demand period, the method comprising:
injecting fluid into a confined geothermal reservoir system using an injection well at an injection flow rate equal to a production flow rate during a steady state period;
pumping the fluid into the confined geothermal reservoir system while maintaining the injection flow rate above the production flow rate to enter a charging period, wherein hydraulic pressure is built during the charging period and production from a production well hydraulically coupled to the injection well is reduced during the charging period, and a net electric power during the charging period is less than a net electric power during the steady state period;
producing the fluid from the confined geothermal reservoir system using the production well hydraulically coupled to the injection well; and
releasing the hydraulic pressure in the confined geothermal reservoir system to enter a discharge period, wherein electricity is generated using the produced fluid during the discharge period and a net electric power during the discharge period is greater than the net electric power during the charging period.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the confined geothermal reservoir system is created by installing a geothermal well used for the charging period and the discharge period.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the confined geothermal reservoir system is created by:
identifying a low-permeability geothermal formation;
drilling into the low-permeability geothermal formation;
installing the geothermal well with flow intervals located within the low-permeability geothermal formation; and
performing a well stimulation treatment on the geothermal well to hydraulically couple the geothermal well via a plurality of fractures disposed in the confined geothermal reservoir system.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the electricity generated during the discharge period is generated by harvesting thermal energy in the produced fluid.
5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the thermal energy is harvested and converted into electricity using an Organic Rankine Cycle turbine or a steam turbine.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the electricity generated during the discharge period is generated by harvesting mechanical energy in the produced fluid.
7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the mechanical energy is harvested and converted into electricity using a turbine.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the pumping the fluid into the confined geothermal reservoir system to enter the charging period comprises consuming electricity to pump the fluid, wherein the electricity consumed is effectively stored as the hydraulic pressure.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the charging period is associated with a period of low-value energy and the discharge period is associated with a period of high-value energy.
10 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
moderating the fluid in an above ground facility by storing the produced fluid during the discharge period and injecting the stored fluid during the charging period.
11 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
injecting the fluid into the confined geothermal reservoir system using a plurality of geothermal wells;
pumping the fluid via a first geothermal well of the plurality of geothermal wells into the confined geothermal reservoir system to enter a first charging period, wherein hydraulic pressure is built during the first charging period;
releasing the hydraulic pressure in the confined geothermal reservoir system to enter a first discharge period, wherein electricity is generated using the fluid during the first discharge period and a net electric power during the first discharge period is greater than a net electric power during the first charging period;
pumping the fluid via a second geothermal well of the plurality of geothermal wells into the confined geothermal reservoir system to enter a second charging period, wherein hydraulic pressure is built during the second charging period; and
releasing the hydraulic pressure in the confined geothermal reservoir system to enter a second discharge period, wherein electricity is generated using the fluid during the second discharge period and a net electric power during the second discharge period is greater than a net electric power during the second charging period.
12 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
reinjecting the fluid from the second geothermal well into the first geothermal well after electricity is generated using the fluid.
13 . A system for shifting geothermal energy production from a lower demand period to a higher demand period, the system comprising:
an injection well to inject fluid into a confined geothermal reservoir system at an injection flow rate equal to a production flow rate during a steady state period;
a production well to produce the fluid from the confined geothermal reservoir system;
a generator system to generate electricity using the fluid produced from the confined geothermal reservoir system; and
a control valve configured to:
pump the fluid into the confined geothermal reservoir system while maintaining the injection flow rate above the production flow rate to enter a charging period, wherein hydraulic pressure is built during the charging period and production from the confined geothermal reservoir system is reduced during the charging period, and a net electric power during the charging period is less than a net electric power during the steady state period; and
release the hydraulic pressure in the confined geothermal reservoir system to enter a discharge period, wherein electricity is generated using the fluid during the discharge period and a net electric power during the discharge period is greater than a net electric power during the charging period.
14 . The system of claim 13 , wherein the confined geothermal reservoir system is created by installing a geothermal well used for the charging period and the discharge period.
15 . The system of claim 13 , wherein the confined geothermal reservoir system is created by:
identifying a low-permeability geothermal formation;
drilling into the low-permeability geothermal formation;
installing the geothermal well with flow intervals located within the low-permeability geothermal formation; and
performing a well stimulation treatment on the geothermal well to hydraulically couple the geothermal well via a plurality of fractures disposed in the confined geothermal reservoir system.
16 . The system of claim 13 , wherein the electricity generated during the discharge period is generated by harvesting thermal energy in the fluid or by harvesting mechanical energy in the fluid.
17 . The system of claim 16 , wherein the thermal energy is harvested and converted into electricity using an Organic Rankine Cycle turbine or a steam turbine or the mechanical energy is harvested and converted into electricity using a turbine.
18 . The system of claim 13 , wherein the control valve consumes electricity to pump the fluid into the confined geothermal reservoir system, and wherein the electricity consumed is effectively stored as the hydraulic pressure.
19 . The system of claim 13 , wherein the charging period is associated with a period of low-value energy and the discharge period is associated with a period of high-value energy.
20 . A system for shifting geothermal energy production from a lower demand period to a higher demand period, the system comprising:
a plurality of geothermal wells to inject fluid into a confined geothermal reservoir system at injection flow rates equal to production flow rates during a steady state period and to produce the fluid from the confined geothermal reservoir system;
a generator system to generate electricity using the fluid produced from the confined geothermal reservoir system; and
a plurality of control valves configured to:
pump the fluid via a first geothermal well of the plurality of geothermal wells into the confined geothermal reservoir system while maintaining the injection flow rates above the production flow rates to enter a first charging period, wherein hydraulic pressure is built during the first charging period and production from the confined geothermal reservoir system is reduced during the first charging period, and a net electric power during the first charging period is less than a net electric power during the steady state period;
release the hydraulic pressure in the confined geothermal reservoir system to enter a first discharge period, wherein electricity is generated using the fluid during the first discharge period and a net electric power during the first discharge period is greater than the net electric power during the first charging period;
pump the fluid via a second geothermal well of the plurality of geothermal wells into the confined geothermal reservoir system to enter a second charging period, wherein hydraulic pressure is built during the second charging period; and
release the hydraulic pressure in the confined geothermal reservoir system to enter a second discharge period, wherein electricity is generated using the fluid during the second discharge period and a net electric power during the second discharge period is greater than a net electric power during the second charging period.