Ground-source thermal system for rejecting data center waste heat to a facility
A thermal system includes a borehole heat exchanger, a facility having a peak heating load, a data center including at least one heat generating electronic component, and a ground-source heat pump. The data center, the borehole heat exchanger, and the ground-source heat pump are connected in a dynamic downhole fluid circuit with a flow of a downhole fluid. The dynamic downhole fluid circuit is configured to reject heat from the data center to the facility and to the BHE, and a power capacity of the data center is less than the peak heating load of the facility.
1 . A thermal system, comprising:
a borehole heat exchanger (BHE);
a facility having a peak heating load;
a data center including at least one heat generating electronic component;
a ground-source heat pump (GSHP); and
a dynamic downhole fluid circuit for connecting the data center, the BHE, and the GSHP with a flow of a downhole fluid;
wherein:
in a first operating mode, the dynamic downhole fluid circuit is configured to reject heat from the data center to the facility and to the BHE;
in a second operating mode, the dynamic downhole fluid circuit is configured to reject the heat from the data center to the facility and to reject heat from the BHE to the facility;
in a third operating mode, the dynamic downhole fluid circuit is configured to reject the heat from the data center directly to the BHE and the GSHP is off; and
a power capacity of the data center is less than the peak heating load of the facility.
2 . The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein a heating threshold of the peak heating load of the facility is provided by the dynamic downhole fluid circuit, the heating threshold is less than 100%, and the thermal system further comprises a supplemental heating device for providing a remainder of the peak heating load of the facility.
3 . The thermal system of claim 2 , wherein the data center and the BHE are sized together to meet the heating threshold and facilitate optimizing one or more criteria.
4 . The thermal system of claim 3 , wherein the one or more criteria include at least one of a borefield total drilled length or the power capacity of the data center.
5 . The thermal system of claim 3 , wherein the BHE and/or the data center are sized according to a model accounting for parameters of the thermal system, wherein the parameters include at least one of borefield fluid inlet temperature, borefield fluid outlet temperature, a borefield total drilled length or a regulated quantity of coolant within the BHE, a capacity of the GSHP, a heating load of the facility, or a cooling load of the facility.
6 . The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein the data center is collocated with the facility.
7 . The thermal system of claim 1 , further comprising a facility fluid circuit for connecting the facility and the GSHP with a facility fluid, wherein the GSHP thermally connects the dynamic downhole fluid circuit and the facility fluid circuit.
8 . The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein the GSHP configured to operate with a seasonal performance factor of greater than 5.
9 . The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein the power capacity of the data center and a drilled length of a borefield of the BHE are together sized and configured based on a thermal load of the facility, wherein the data center is configured to operate continually at the power capacity.
10 . The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein the data center and the BHE are together sized based on a thermal load of the facility, wherein the thermal system is operable over a predetermined time period and the thermal system is configured to maintain a fluid inlet temperature for the BHE above a predetermined threshold over the predetermined time period.
11 . The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein the facility includes a plurality of thermal consumers and the peak heating load is a cumulative peak heating load of all the plurality of thermal consumers.
12 . The thermal system of claim 11 , wherein the cumulative peak heating load accounts for at least one cooling load of at least one thermal consumer of the plurality of thermal consumers that at least partially offsets a heating load of another thermal consumer of the plurality of thermal consumers in the cumulative peak heating load.
13 . The thermal system of claim 1 , wherein the data center comprises a plurality of data centers each independently connected to the dynamic downhole fluid circuit.
14 . The thermal system of claim 7 , wherein the dynamic downhole fluid circuit comprises:
a plurality of downhole fluid paths for the downhole fluid to flow between the data center, the BHE, and the GSHP;
at least one pump for driving the flow of the downhole fluid through the plurality of downhole fluid paths; and
a plurality of valves for directing the flow of the downhole fluid through the plurality of downhole fluid paths, wherein the plurality of valves is configurable between:
a first configuration in the first operating mode of the dynamic downhole fluid circuit, wherein the plurality of valves in the first configuration directs the downhole fluid to flow from the data center toward the BHE for rejecting the heat from the data center to the BHE and to flow from the data center toward the GSHP for rejecting the heat from the data center to the facility via the GSHP and the facility fluid circuit;
a second configuration in the second operating mode of the dynamic downhole fluid circuit, wherein the plurality of valves in the second configuration directs the downhole fluid to flow from the data center toward the GSHP and to flow from the BHE toward the GSHP for rejecting the heat from the data center and the heat from the BHE to the facility via the GSHP and the facility fluid circuit;
a third configuration in the third operating mode of the dynamic downhole fluid circuit, wherein the plurality of valves in the third configuration directs the downhole fluid to bypass the GSHP and to flow from the data center toward the BHE for rejecting the heat from the data center to the BHE; and
a fourth configuration in a fourth operating mode of the dynamic downhole fluid circuit, wherein the plurality of valves in the fourth configuration directs the downhole fluid to flow from the data center toward the BHE for rejecting the heat from the data center to the BHE and to flow from the GSHP toward the BHE for rejecting heat from the facility fluid circuit to the BHE.