System and method for measuring human milk production
A breast milk flow monitoring system in the form of a milk flow monitoring sensor is described and includes an array of electrodes and a controller. The electrodes include electrically conductive surfaces that are arranged to contact a skin surface of a breast. The controller generates a first excitation signal that is communicated via the first electrode to a first location on the breast, and generates a second excitation signal that is communicated via the first electrode to the first location on the breast. The controller receives a first current response signal and a second current response signal. A bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis of the first current response signal and the second current response signal is executed, wherein the bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis is calibrated for breast milk flow. A breast milk flow parameter is determined based upon the bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis.
1 . A breast milk flow monitoring system, comprising:
a milk flow monitoring sensor including an array of electrodes including a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode and a fourth electrode, and
a controller;
wherein the first, second, third, and fourth electrodes include electrically conductive surfaces that are configured to be arranged to contact a skin surface of a breast;
wherein the controller is in communication with the first, second, third, and fourth electrodes; and
wherein the controller is operative to:
generate a first excitation signal that is communicated via the first electrode to a first location on the breast,
generate a second excitation signal that is communicated via the first electrode to the first location on the breast,
wherein the first excitation signal comprises a low frequency excitation signal and wherein the second excitation signal comprises a high frequency excitation signal;
receive, via one of the second, third or fourth electrodes, a first current response signal in response to the first excitation signal,
receive, via the one of the second, third or fourth electrodes, a second current response signal in response to the second excitation signal,
determine a ratio of the first current response signal and the second current response signal
execute a bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis of the ratio of the first current response signal and the second current response signal, wherein the bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis is calibrated for breast milk flow, and
determine a breast milk flow parameter based upon the bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis;
wherein the controller operative to execute the bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis of the ratio of the first current response signal and the second current response signal includes the controller being operative to:
determine a first parameter associated with at least one of impedance (z), reactance (Xc), resistance (R), and phase (Ph) for the first current response signal,
determine a second parameter associated with at least one of impedance (z), reactance (Xc), resistance (R), and phase (Ph) for the second current response signal,
determine a ratio of the first parameter and the second parameter, and
determine the breast milk flow parameter based upon the ratio of the first parameter and the second parameter.
2 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the controller operative to execute the bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis of the ratio of the first current response signal and the second current response signal comprises the controller operative to:
execute a Fourier transform analysis of the bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis of the ratio of the first current response signal and the second current response signal to determine the breast milk flow parameter.
3 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the controller operative to execute the bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis of the ratio of the first current response signal and the second current response signal comprises the controller operative to:
execute a frequency response analysis of the bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis of the ratio of the first current response signal and the second current response signal to determine the breast milk flow parameter.
4 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the controller operative to execute the bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis of the ratio of the first current response signal and the second current response signal comprises the controller operative to:
execute an adaptive filter analysis of the bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis of the ratio of the first current response signal and the second current response signal to determine the breast milk flow parameter.
5 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the low frequency excitation signal is less than the high frequency excitation signal, wherein the high frequency excitation signal is less than 1000 KHz, and wherein the low frequency excitation signal greater than 3 KHz.
6 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the low frequency excitation signal comprises a single frequency sine wave having a frequency of less than 50 kHz.
7 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the high frequency excitation signal comprises a single frequency sine wave having a frequency between 50 kHz and 1000 kHz.
8 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the first excitation signal comprises a first broad spectrum sine wave, and wherein the second excitation signal comprises a second broad spectrum sine wave.
9 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode is configured to be arranged to contact the surface of the breast at one of a superomedial location distal to an areola, an inferomedial location distal to the areola, an inferolateral location distal to the areola, a superolateral location distal to the areola, a superomedial location proximal to the areola, an inferomedial location proximal to the areola, an inferolateral location proximal to the areola, or a superolateral location proximal to the areola, and
wherein the second electrode is configured to be arranged to contact the surface of the breast at another of the superomedial location distal to the areola, the inferomedial location distal to the areola, the inferolateral location distal to the areola, the superolateral location distal to the areola, the superomedial location proximal to the areola, the inferomedial location proximal to the areola, the inferolateral location proximal to the areola, or the superolateral location proximal to the areola.
10 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the third electrode is configured to be arranged to contact the surface of the breast at one of a superomedial location distal to an areola, an inferomedial location distal to the areola, an inferolateral location distal to the areola, a superolateral location distal to the areola, a superomedial location proximal to the areola, an inferomedial location proximal to the areola, an inferolateral location proximal to the areola, or a superolateral location proximal to the areola, and
wherein the fourth electrode is configured to be arranged to contact the surface of the breast at another of the superomedial location distal to the areola, the inferomedial location distal to the areola, the inferolateral location distal to the areola, the superolateral location distal to the areola, the superomedial location proximal to the areola, the inferomedial location proximal to the areola, the inferolateral location proximal to the areola, or the superolateral location proximal to the areola.
11 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 1 , wherein the milk flow monitoring sensor further comprises the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode and the fourth electrode being affixed to a flexible substrate.
12 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 1 , further comprising a conformable holder;
wherein the milk flow monitoring sensor is affixed onto the conformable holder; and
wherein the conformable holder is arranged to position the first electrode, the second electrode, the third electrode and the fourth electrode in contact with the skin surface of the breast.
13 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 12 , further comprising a temperature sensor affixed onto the conformable holder and arranged to monitor a temperature of the breast;
wherein the controller is operative to:
receive an input signal from the temperature sensor corresponding to the temperature of the breast, and
determine the breast milk flow parameter based upon the bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis of the first excitation signal, the second excitation signal, the first current response signal, the second current response signal, and the temperature of the breast.
14 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 12 , further comprising a movement sensor affixed onto the conformable holder and arranged to monitor physical motion,
wherein the controller is operative to:
receive an input signal from the movement sensor associated with physical motion proximal to the movement sensor, and
determine the breast milk flow parameter based upon the bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis of the first excitation signal, the second excitation signal, the first current response signal, the second current response signal, and the physical motion.
15 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 14 , wherein the movement sensor comprises an accelerometer.
16 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 14 , wherein the movement sensor comprises a plurality of accelerometers, wherein the plurality of accelerometers correspond to the first, second, third, and fourth electrodes.
17 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 16 , wherein one of the plurality of accelerometers is arranged to monitor a gross body movement, and wherein one of the plurality of accelerometers is arranged to monitor breast movement.
18 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 14 , wherein the movement sensor comprises a piezoelectric sensor affixed onto the conformable holder proximal to the skin surface of the breast; wherein the controller is operative to receive an input signal from the piezoelectric sensor, and determine the breast milk flow parameter based upon the bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis of the first excitation signal, the second excitation signal, the first current response signal, the second current response signal, and the input signal from the piezoelectric sensor.
19 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 12 , further comprising a strain gage affixed onto the conformable holder proximal to the skin surface of the breast;
wherein the controller is operative to:
receive an input signal from the strain gage, and
determine the breast milk flow parameter based upon the bio-impedance spectroscopic analysis of the first excitation signal, the second excitation signal, the first current response signal, the second current response signal, and the input signal from the strain gage.
20 . The breast milk flow monitoring system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a cellular device including an executable application, the cellular device being in communication with a cloud environment;
wherein the cellular device is configured to receive the breast milk flow parameter from the controller,
wherein the cellular device is configured to communicate the breast milk flow parameter to the cloud environment, and
wherein the cellular device is configured to visually display the breast milk flow parameter.