Natural gas letdown generator system and method
Provided herein are systems and methods for utilizing a natural gas letdown generator at a natural gas regulating station. The system utilizes the gas letdown generator to generate electricity by converting high pressure inlet gas to low pressure outlet gas, which in turn creates low temperature outlet gas. Electricity generated can power a data center. Heat may be transferred, using a heat exchanger, from dielectric fluid of the data center to the natural gas prior to entering the gas letdown generator. Heat may be further transferred, using a second heat exchanger, from the dielectric fluid to the natural gas at the output of the gas letdown generator. The heat exchange may substantially cool the dielectric fluid for transmission to the data center and may heat the low temperature outlet gas for transmission to an end user.
1 . A natural gas system, comprising:
a supply of high pressure natural gas;
a letdown generator comprising an inlet configured to accept a portion of natural gas from the supply of high pressure natural gas, the natural gas entering the inlet at a first temperature and a first pressure, and an outlet configured to output the natural gas from the letdown generator at a second pressure lower than the first pressure and a second temperature lower than the first temperature, wherein the letdown generator is configured to reduce the pressure of the natural gas and generate electricity;
a first heat exchanger located upstream of the letdown generator, the first heat exchanger configured to transfer heat to the natural gas before the natural gas enters the inlet of the letdown generator;
a second heat exchanger located downstream of the letdown generator, the second heat exchanger configured to transfer heat to the natural gas after the natural gas exits the output of the letdown generator; and
an electric heater configured to provide heat to the natural gas via the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, wherein the electric heater is powered by the electricity generated by the letdown generator.
2 . The natural gas system of claim 1 , wherein the natural gas system is configured to heat the natural gas above a pre-determined temperature setpoint.
3 . The natural gas system of claim 1 , further comprising a coolant loop filled with a coolant, the coolant loop configured to circulate the coolant between the electric heater and at least one of the first heat exchanger or the second heat exchanger.
4 . The natural gas system of claim 1 , further comprising an immersion data center, comprising a body filled with a dielectric fluid, wherein at least one electrical component is immersed at least partially in the dielectric fluid and the immersion data center is powered by electricity generated by the letdown generator.
5 . The natural gas system of claim 4 , wherein an amount of power generated from the letdown generator is greater than a power consumption of the data center thereby creating a surplus of power, the system configured to send the surplus of power to the electric heater such that the surplus of power is converted to heat.
6 . The natural gas system of claim 4 , wherein the system further comprises a coolant loop filled with a coolant, the coolant loop configured to circulate the coolant between the data center and the first heat exchanger.
7 . The natural gas system of claim 6 , further comprising a third heat exchanger located at the data center, the third heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the dielectric fluid of the data center to the coolant.
8 . The natural gas system of claim 7 , wherein the electric heater is in fluid connection with the coolant loop and is located between the first heat exchanger and the data center.
9 . The natural gas system of claim 8 , wherein the natural gas is heated entirely by either heating provided by the data center or the electric heater.
10 . A method of controlling a natural gas letdown station, the natural gas letdown station comprising:
a supply of high pressure natural gas;
a letdown generator comprising an inlet and an outlet, the inlet configured to accept a portion of natural gas from the supply of high pressure natural gas and an output configured to output the natural gas at a lower temperature and lower pressure, wherein the letdown generator is configured to reduce the pressure of the natural gas and generate electricity;
a first heat exchanger located upstream the letdown generator, the first heat exchanger configured to transfer heat to the natural gas; and
a second heat exchanger located downstream of the letdown generator, the second heat exchanger configured to transfer heat to the natural gas after the natural gas exits the output of the letdown generator; and
an electric heater powered by electricity generated by the letdown generator and configured to provide heat to the natural gas via the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger,
wherein the method comprises:
monitoring a temperature of the natural gas that is exiting the outlet of the letdown generator;
determining that the temperature of the natural gas is below a pre-determined temperature setpoint; and
upon making the determination that the natural gas is below the pre-determined temperature setpoint, directing an increased amount of electricity from the letdown generator to the electric heater to provide additional heat to the natural gas.
11 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
determining that the first heat exchanger is operating at maximum capacity;
determining that the electric heater is operating at maximum capacity; and
upon making the determination that the natural gas is below the pre-determined temperature setpoint and that the first heat exchanger and the electric heater are operating at maximum capacity, activating a gas-fired heater to provide additional heat to the natural gas.
12 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
determining that the temperature of the natural gas is above the pre-determined temperature setpoint; and
upon making the determination that the natural gas is above the pre-determined temperature setpoint, deactivating the gas-fired heater.
13 . The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
determining that the gas-fired heater is de-activated and that the temperature of the natural gas is above the pre-determined temperature setpoint; and
upon making the determination that the gas-fired heater is de-activated and the natural gas is above the pre-determined temperature setpoint, reducing power to the electric heater and re-directing power to earth ground.
14 . A method of controlling a natural gas letdown station, the natural gas letdown station comprising:
a supply of high pressure natural gas;
an immersion data center, comprising a body filled with a dielectric fluid, wherein one or more electrical components are immersed at least partially in the dielectric fluid;
a letdown generator comprising an inlet and an outlet, the inlet configured to accept a portion of natural gas from the supply of high pressure natural gas and an output configured to output the natural gas at a lower temperature and lower pressure, wherein the letdown generator is configured to reduce the pressure of the natural gas and generate electricity to power at least a portion of the immersion data center;
a first heat exchanger in fluid connection with the inlet of the letdown generator, the first heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the dielectric fluid of the data center to the natural gas; and
an in-line heater located between the first heat exchanger and the data center, the in-line heater powered by electricity generated by the letdown generator and configured to provide heat to the natural gas prior to the inlet of the letdown generator,
wherein the method comprises:
monitoring a power generated from the letdown generator and a power consumption of the data center;
determining whether the power generated from the letdown generator is greater than the power consumption of the data center; and
upon determining that the power generated from the letdown generator is greater than the power consumption of the center, increasing the power consumption of the data center by placing at least one of the one or more electrical components into an increased power consumption state or by powering on at least one of the one or more electrical components.
15 . The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
determining that the data center is operating at a maximum power consumption, wherein the data center is determined to be operating at the maximum power consumption if the power consumption of the data center cannot be increased to match the power generated from the letdown generator; and
upon determining the data center is operating at the maximum power consumption, re-directing a surplus power to either the in-line heater or to earth ground.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the surplus of power is calculated in real-time as the power generated from the letdown generator minus the power consumed by the data center.
17 . The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
determining whether the power generated from the letdown generator is less than the power consumption of the data center; and
upon determining that the power generated from the letdown generator is less than the power consumption of the center, decreasing the power consumption of the data center by placing at least one of the one or more electrical components into a decreased power consumption state.
18 . A natural gas system, comprising:
a supply of high pressure natural gas;
a letdown generator comprising an inlet configured to accept a portion of natural gas from the supply of high pressure natural gas, the natural gas entering the inlet at a first temperature and a first pressure, and an outlet configured to output the natural gas from the letdown generator at a second pressure lower than the first pressure and a second temperature lower than the first temperature, wherein the letdown generator is configured to reduce the pressure of the natural gas and generate electricity;
a first heat exchanger located upstream of the letdown generator, the first heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from an immersion data center to the natural gas before the natural gas enters the inlet of the letdown generator;
a second heat exchanger located downstream of the letdown generator, the second heat exchanger configured to transfer heat from the immersion data center to the natural gas after the natural gas exits the output of the letdown generator; and
the immersion data center, comprising a body filled with a dielectric fluid, wherein at least one electrical component is immersed at least partially in the dielectric fluid, and the immersion data center is powered by electricity generated by the letdown generator.