Method for calculating a stream of at least one gas emitted by a source into the atmosphere, measurement method, and associated system and kit
This method comprises the following steps retrieving data about amounts of at least one gas, said data being measured in the atmosphere at a distance from the source along a plurality of lines parallel to a first direction; integrating the amounts read on each line in the first direction in order to obtain an integrated overall amount on each line; integrating the product of the integrated overall amounts on each line and a wind speed present on the line in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, in order to obtain a raw flow of gas; determining the flow of gas emitted by the source based on the raw flow of gas.
1 . A method to compute a flow of at least one gas emitted by a source into the atmosphere, implemented by a computer, comprising:
retrieving amount data relative to amounts of at least one gas, said amount data being measured in the atmosphere at a distance from the source along a plurality of lines parallel to a first direction;
integrating first quantities which are the amounts retrieved on each line in the first direction to obtain a first integrated overall quantity which is an integrated overall amount on each line;
interpolating a curve of first integrated overall quantities as a function of a coordinate in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, based on the first integrated overall quantities;
integrating a second quantity which is a product of the integrated overall amounts on each line obtained from the interpolated curve and a wind speed present on the line, in the second direction, to obtain a raw flow of gas; and
determining the flow of gas emitted by the source based on the raw flow of gas.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein interpolating the curve is carried out using a cubic interpolation.
3 . The method according to claim 1 , comprising preliminarily retrieving data about the wind speeds present on each line.
4 . The method according to claim 1 , comprising preliminarily determining an average wind common to all of the lines.
5 . The method according to claim 1 , comprising, after retrieving the amount data, computing a continuous background of gas present in the atmosphere and processing the amount data in order to eliminate the continuous background.
6 . The method according to claim 5 , wherein determining the continuous background comprises, for each line, computing an average value of amounts, measured on the line, and then eliminating amounts above the average value, and repeating the computing an average value of amounts and eliminating amounts above the average value until the difference between two successive average values is less than a convergence threshold.
7 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first direction is horizontal, and the second direction is vertical.
8 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the raw flows of at least two gases emitted by the source are computed.
9 . A method to measure emissions of a source into the atmosphere, comprising:
collecting amounts of at least one gas in the atmosphere at a distance from the source along a plurality of lines parallel to a first direction by flying a drone equipped to measure data representative of amounts of at least one gas;
transferring the collected data representative of the amounts of at least one gas to a computer;
the computer implementing the computing method according to claim 1 .
10 . The method according to claim 9 , comprising preliminarily determining a wind direction and/or a configuration of an emission plume downstream of the source, the drone being flown based on the predetermined plume configuration.
11 . The method according to claim 9 , comprising measuring the wind speed.
12 . The method according to claim 11 , wherein the wind speed is measured at a plurality of successive times.
13 . The method according to claim 12 , wherein the wind speed is measured by a sensor carried by the drone.
14 . A system to compute a flow of at least one gas emitted by a source into the atmosphere, the system comprising a configuration to:
obtain amount data about amounts of at least one gas, said data being measured in the atmosphere at a distance from the source along a plurality of lines parallel to a first direction;
integrate first quantities which are the amounts retrieved on each line in the first direction to obtain a first integrated overall quantity which is an integrated overall amount on each line;
interpolate a curve of first integrated overall quantities as a function of a coordinate in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, based on the first integrated overall quantities;
integrate a second quantity which is an amount of the integrated overall amounts on each line obtained from the interpolated curve and a wind speed present on the line, in the second direction, to obtain a raw flow of gas;
determine the flow of gas emitted by the source based on the raw flow of gas.
15 . A kit to measure the emissions of at least one gas by a source into the atmosphere, comprising:
a drone configured to fly in the atmosphere at a distance from the source along a plurality of lines parallel to a first direction;
the drone being configured to measure data representative of amounts of at least one gas along each line parallel to the first direction;
a computer according to claim 14 , configured to receive the data representative of amounts of at least one gas measured by the drone.
16 . The kit according to claim 15 , wherein the drone is configured to continuously measure data representative of amounts of at least two gases present in the atmosphere.
17 . The method according to claim 12 wherein the wind speed used to compute the second quantity is measured at a time of measurement of the amount of at least one gas on the line that is used to compute the first quantity.
18 . The kit according to claim 16 , comprising a sensor configured to continuously measure wind speed, the sensor being carried by the drone.
19 . A method to compute a flow of at least one gas emitted by a source into the atmosphere, implemented by a computer, comprising:
retrieving amount data relative to amounts of at least one gas, said amount data being measured in the atmosphere at a distance from the source along a plurality of lines parallel to a first direction;
integrating first quantities each of which is a product of an amount retrieved at a point on each line in the first direction and wind speed present at the point to obtain a first integrated overall quantity which is an integrated overall amount on each line;
interpolating a curve of first integrated overall quantities as a function of a coordinate in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, based on the first integrated overall quantities;
integrating a second quantity which is an integrated overall product of the first integrated overall quantities obtained from the interpolated curve, in the second direction, to obtain a raw flow of gas;
determining the flow of gas emitted by the source based on the raw flow of gas.
20 . A method to compute a flow of at least one gas emitted by a source into the atmosphere, implemented by a computer, comprising:
retrieving amount data relative to amounts of at least one gas, said amount data being measured in the atmosphere at a distance from the source along a plurality of lines parallel to a first direction;
computing a continuous background of gas present in the atmosphere and processing the amount data to eliminate the continuous background;
integrating first quantities computed based on the processed amount data that the continuous background has been eliminated from the amounts retrieved on each line in the first direction and/or on wind speeds present on the line to obtain a first integrated overall quantity on each line;
interpolating a curve of first integrated overall quantities as a function of a coordinate in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, based on the first integrated overall quantities;
integrating a second quantity computed based on first integrated overall quantities obtained from the interpolated curve and/or a wind speed present on the line, in the second direction, to obtain a raw flow of gas;
determining the flow of gas emitted by the source based on the raw flow of gas.