IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,575,915
Granted Patent B2
US 12,575,915 · App. 18/145,930 · Granted Mar 17, 2026

Processing digital dental impression

Inventors: Sergey Nikolskiy (Coto de Caza, CA); Fedor Chelnokov (Khimki, RU)
Assignee: James R. Glidewell Dental Ceramics, Inc.
A61C9/0053A61C9/0006A61C13/0004A61B6/51
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,575,915
App. No.
18/145,930
Granted
Mar 17, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

A computer-implemented method and system of automatically detecting and removing extraneous material from a digital dental impression includes detecting one or more dental features in a digital dental impression, filtering the one or more dental features, digitally joining the one or more dental features, and determining one or more regions of interest from the joined one or more digital dental features.

Claims (33)

1 . A computer-implemented method of automatically detecting and removing extraneous material from a digital dental impression, comprising:

detecting one or more digital tooth cusps in a digital dental impression; digitally joining the one or more digital tooth cusps;

determining a first region of interest by starting at the one or more digital tooth cusps and extending along a digital surface until reaching one or more first region endpoints; and

determining a second region of interest by starting at the one or more first region endpoints and extending along the digital surface until reaching one or more second region endpoints.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more first region endpoints comprise a first cut-off value.

3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the first cut-off value comprises a distance from the one or more digital tooth cusps.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more second region endpoints comprise a second cut-off value.

5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein the second cut-off value comprises a lowest point along one or more paths of the digital surface with respect to an occlusion axis.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the first region of interest and the second region of interest comprise a tooth region and a gum region.

7 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising deleting from the digital dental impression all regions outside of the first region of interest and the second region of interest.

8 . A non-transitory computer readable medium storing executable computer program instructions for digitally processing a digital dental impression, the computer program instructions comprising instructions for:

detecting one or more digital tooth cusps in a digital dental impression; digitally joining the one or more digital tooth cusps;

determining a first region of interest by starting at the one or more digital tooth cusps and extending along a digital surface until reaching one or more first region endpoints; and

determining a second region of interest by starting at the one or more first region endpoints and extending along the digital surface until reaching one or more second region endpoints.

9 . The medium of claim 8 , wherein the one or more first region endpoints comprise a first cut-off value.

10 . The medium of claim 9 , wherein the first cut-off value comprises a distance from the one or more digital tooth cusps.

11 . The medium of claim 8 , wherein the one or more second region endpoints comprise a second cut-off value.

12 . The medium of claim 11 , wherein the second cut-off value comprises a lowest point along one or more paths of the digital surface with respect to an occlusion axis.

13 . The medium of claim 8 , wherein the first region of interest and the second region of interest comprise a tooth region and a gum region.

14 . The medium of claim 8 , further comprising deleting from the digital dental impression all regions outside of the first region of interest and the second region of interest.

15 . A digital impression processing system for creating a digital model from a CT scan, comprising:

a processor;

a computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions executable by the processor to perform steps comprising:

detecting one or more digital tooth cusps in a digital dental impression;

digitally joining the one or more digital tooth cusps;

determining a first region of interest by starting at the one or more digital tooth cusps and extending along a digital surface until reaching one or more first region endpoints; and

determining a second region of interest by starting at the one or more first region endpoints and extending along the digital surface until reaching one or more second region endpoints.

16 . The system of claim 15 , wherein the one or more first region endpoints comprise a first cut-off value.

17 . The system of claim 16 , wherein the first cut-off value comprises a distance from the one or more digital tooth cusps.

18 . The system of claim 15 , wherein the one or more second region endpoints comprise a second cut-off value.

19 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the second cut-off value comprises a lowest point along one or more paths of the digital surface with respect to an occlusion axis.

20 . The system of claim 15 , wherein the first region of interest and the second region of interest comprise a tooth region and a gum region.

21 . The system of claim 15 , further comprising deleting from the digital dental impression all regions outside of the first region of interest and the second region of interest.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Feb 9, 2023
From: NIKOLSKIY, SERGEY; CHELNOKOV, FEDOR
To: JAMES R. GLIDEWELL DENTAL CERAMICS, INC.
Reel/Frame 062643/0634 →
Continuity (2)
Continuation 16451991 · Jun 25, 2019
Related Publication 20230127167A1 · Apr 27, 2023
References Cited (298)
US 4710876A · Cline et al. · 1987 [cited by applicant]
US D302683S · Iwasaki et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 5023895A · McCroskey et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5270827A · Kobyayashi et al. · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5368478A · Andreiko et al. · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5431562A · Andreiko et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5447432A · Andreiko et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5454717A · Andreiko et al. · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5605459A · Kuroda et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US D394316S · Kodama et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5879158A · Doyle et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6068482A · Snow · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6081739A · Lemchen · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6091412A · Simonoff · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6152731A · Jordan et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6198552B1 · Nagae · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6217334B1 · Hultgren · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6227850B1 · Chishti et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6244861B1 · Andreiko et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6318994B1 · Chishti et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6322359B1 · Jordan et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6350120B1 · Sachdeva et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6371761B1 · Cheang et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6386867B1 · Durbin et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6386878B1 · Pavlovskaia et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6406292B1 · Chishti et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6409504B1 · Jones et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6450807B1 · Chishti et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6463344B1 · Pavloskaia et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6512994B1 · Sachdeva · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6554611B2 · Chishti et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6582225B1 · Bergersen · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US D476658S · Adachi et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6602070B2 · Miller et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6621491B1 · Baumrind et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6632089B2 · Rubbert et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6633789B1 · Nikolskiy et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6648640B2 · Rubbert et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6688886B2 · Hughes et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6726478B1 · Isiderio et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6767208B2 · Kaza · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6783360B2 · Chishti · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 7013191B2 · Rubbert et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7027642B2 · Rubbert et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7029275B2 · Rubbert et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7040896B2 · Pavlovskaia et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7068825B2 · Rubbert et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7080979B2 · Rubbert et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7110594B2 · Jones et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7134874B2 · Chishti et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7140877B2 · Kaza · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US D533555S · Odhe et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7156655B2 · Sachdeva et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7234937B2 · Sachdeva et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7292716B2 · Kim · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7361018B2 · Imgrund et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7361020B2 · Abolfathi et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7373286B2 · Nikolskiy et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US D573146S · Sukenari et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US D580962S · Sukenari et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7476100B2 · Kuo · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7545372B2 · Kopelman et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7609875B2 · Liu · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US D612851S · Maruyama et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7717708B2 · Sachdeva et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7740476B2 · Rubbert et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7805003B1 · Cohen et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 8013853B1 · Douglas et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8045180B2 · Friemel · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8075306B2 · Kitching et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8229180B2 · Baloch et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8308481B2 · DiAngelo et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8332061B2 · Baloch et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8342843B2 · Perot et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8380644B2 · Zouhar et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US D678383S · Park et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US D714940S · Kim · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8855375B2 · Macciola · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8995732B2 · Kaza et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9055988B2 · Galgut et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9135498B2 · Andreiko et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US D742010S · Metcalf · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9421074B2 · Sachdeva et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US D776818S · Metcalf · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9626462B2 · Somasundaram et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9629698B2 · Lior et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9737381B2 · Lee · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9888983B2 · Sachdeva et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10149744B2 · Lior et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10624717B2 · Wen · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10945812B1 · Raslambekov · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 10950061B1 · Raslambekov · 2021 [cited by examiner]
US 11534271B2 · Nikolskiy et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11540906B2 · Nikolskiy et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11559378B2 · Nikolskiy et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11622843B2 · Nikolskiy et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20010002310A1 · Chishti et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20020006217A1 · Rubbert et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020028418A1 · Farag et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020141626A1 · Caspi · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020150859A1 · Imgrund et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020180760A1 · Rubbert · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030198377A1 · Ng · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030198378A1 · Ng · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030207227A1 · Abolfathi · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030207235A1 · Van der Zel · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030224314A1 · Bergersen · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040072120A1 · Lauren · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040146198A1 · Herley · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040152036A1 · Abolfathi · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040175671A1 · Jones et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040197728A1 · Abolfathi et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040214128A1 · Sachdeva et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050018901A1 · Kaufmann et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050019732A1 · Kaufmann et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050030368A1 · Morrison · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050043837A1 · Rubbert et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050055118A1 · Nikolskiy et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050089213A1 · Geng · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050089822A1 · Geng · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050191593A1 · Knopp · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050192835A1 · Kuo et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050208449A1 · Abolfathi et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050271996A1 · Sporbert et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060127859A1 · Wen · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060147872A1 · Andreiko · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060154198A1 · Durbin et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060173541A1 · Friel · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060263739A1 · Sporbert et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060263741A1 · Imgrund et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060275736A1 · Wen et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070003900A1 · Miller · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070031790A1 · Raby et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070031791A1 · Cinader et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070065768A1 · Nadav · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070128573A1 · Kuo · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070128574A1 · Kuo et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070129991A1 · Kuo · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070134613A1 · Kuo et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070141527A1 · Kuo et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070167784A1 · Shekhar et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070168152A1 · Matov et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070190481A1 · Schmitt · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070207441A1 · Lauren · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070238065A1 · Sherwood et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080020350A1 · Matov et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080048979A1 · Ruttenberg · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080057466A1 · Jordan et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080064008A1 · Schmitt · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080176182A1 · Hultgren et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080182220A1 · Chisti · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080248443A1 · Chishti et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080261165A1 · Steingart et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080305458A1 · Lemchen · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080311537A1 · Minagi et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090080746A1 · Xu et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090087817A1 · Jansen et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090162813A1 · Glor et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090191503A1 · Matov et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090220916A1 · Fisker et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090246726A1 · Chelnokov et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090248184A1 · Steingart et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090298017A1 · Boerjes et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090311647A1 · Fang et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090316966A1 · Marshall et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100009308A1 · Wen et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100100362A1 · Zouhar et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100105009A1 · Karkar et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100111386A1 · El-Baz · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100138025A1 · Morton et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100145898A1 · Malfliet et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100151417A1 · Nilsson et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100217567A1 · Marshall · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100260405A1 · Cinader, Jr. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100297572A1 · Kim · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110004331A1 · Cinader, Jr. et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110045428A1 · Boltunov et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110059413A1 · Schutyser et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110060438A1 · Stoddard et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110090513A1 · Seidl et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110184762A1 · Chishti et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110206247A1 · Dachille et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110207072A1 · Schiemann · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110244415A1 · Batesole · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110268326A1 · Kuo et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110292047A1 · Chang et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120015316A1 · Sachdeva et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120065756A1 · Rubbert et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120088208A1 · Schulter et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120139142A1 · Van Der Zel · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120214121A1 · Greenberg · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130172731A1 · Gole · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130218531A1 · Deichmann et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130226534A1 · Fisker et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130275107A1 · Alpern et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130325431A1 · See et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130329020A1 · Kriveshko et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130335417A1 · McQueston et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140003695A1 · Dean et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140055135A1 · Nielsen et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140067334A1 · Kuo · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140067337A1 · Kopleman · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140185742A1 · Chen et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140272772A1 · Andreiko et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140278278A1 · Nikolskiy et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140278279A1 · Azernikov et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140308624A1 · Lee et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140329194A1 · Sachdeva et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140379356A1 · Sachdeva et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150007830A1 · Remmers et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150049081A1 · Coffey et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150056576A1 · Nikolskiy et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150111168A1 · Vogel · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150154678A1 · Fonte et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150182316A1 · Morales et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150320320A1 · Kopelman et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150347682A1 · Chen et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160135924A1 · Choi et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160148370A1 · Maury et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160239631A1 · Wu et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160256035A1 · Kopelman et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160256246A1 · Stapleton et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160367336A1 · Peijun et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20170100214A1 · Wen · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170135655A1 · Wang et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170231721A1 · Akeel et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20170340418A1 · Raanan · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 20180028063A1 · Elbaz et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180028064A1 · Elbaz et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180028065A1 · Elbaz et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180055600A1 · Matov et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180132982A1 · Nikolskiy et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180146934A1 · Ripoche et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180165818A1 · Tsai et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180184795A1 · Pai et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180189420A1 · Fisker · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180206958A1 · Ohtake et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180206959A1 · Ohtake et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20180303581A1 · Martz et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 20190259219A1 · Lancelle et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190269485A1 · Elbaz et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190290408A1 · Fisker et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20190374318A1 · Jesenko · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 20200000551A1 · Li · 2020 [cited by examiner]
US 20200060612A1 · Shen et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200121429A1 · Pesach et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200170755A1 · Kumamoto et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20200306012A1 · Roschin et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 20210169611A1 · Feng et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 20230127167A1 · Nikolskiy et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 20230130573A1 · Nikolskiy et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
CN 108024841A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
CN 108665533A · 2018 [cited by applicant]
EP 2345387A2 · 2011 [cited by applicant]
EP EP2886077A1 · 2015 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2001080761A2 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2001080763A2 · 2001 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2003053274A1 · 2003 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2013180423A1 · 2013 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2016097033A1 · 2016 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2017178908A1 · 2017 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018022054A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018038748A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018101923A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2018167616A1 · 2018 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020263950A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020263997A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
WO WO2020363987A1 · 2020 [cited by applicant]
Amberg et al., Optimal Step Nonrigid ICP Algorithms for Surface Registration, Proceedings/CVPR, IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer V… [cited by applicant]
Aho et al., The Design and Analysis of Computer Algorithms, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Jun. 1974, pp. 124-155. [cited by applicant]
Arikan et al., “O-Snap: OptimizatonBased Snapping for Modeling Architecture”, ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 32, No. 1, Article 6, Jan. 2013, 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
Bribiesca, E. “3D-Curve Representation by Means of a Binary Chain Code”, Mathematical and computer modelling 40.3(2004):285-295; p. 292, paragraph 2; p. 293, paragraph 1. [cited by applicant]
Cajaraville, Four Ways to Create a Mesh for a Sphere, Medium.com, Dec. 7, 2015, in 9 pages. [cited by applicant]
Cui et al. “Curve Matching for Open 2D Curves”, Pattern Recognition Letters 30 (2009): pp. 1-10. [cited by applicant]
Fan et al. “Virtual adjustment of the occlusal surface for complete denture tooth arrangement.” 2015 International Symposium on Bioelectronics and Bioinformatics (ISBB). IEEE, 2015. (Year: 2015). [cited by applicant]
Fitzgibbon et al., Direct Least Squares Fitting of Ellipses, The University of Edinburgh, Department of Artificial Intelligence, Jan. 4, 1996, in 15 pages. [cited by applicant]
Flugge et al., “Precision of Intraoral Digital Dental Impressions with iTero and Extraoral Digitization with the iTero and a Model Scanner”, Am. Journal of Ortho. and Dentofacial Orthopedics, vol. 144, Iss. 3, pp. 471-4… [cited by applicant]
Gumhold, et al. “Feature Extraction From Point Clouds”, Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute: pp. 1-13 Proceedings, 10th International Meshing Roundtable, Sandia National Laboratores, pp. 293-305, Oct. 7-10, 2001. [cited by applicant]
Hollt et al., GPU-Based Direct Volume Rendering of Industrial CT Data, 2007, VR Vis Research Center, in 84 pages. [cited by applicant]
Ibraheem, Reduction of artifacts in dental cone beam CT images to improve the three dimensional image reconstruction, Research Gate, Article in Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Jan. 20212, in. [cited by applicant]
Kiattisin, S. et al. “A Match of X-Ray Teeth Films Using Image Processing Based on Special Features of Teeth ”, SICE Annual Conference, 2008. IEEE: Aug. 22, 2008; p. 97; col. 2, paragraph 2; a 98. [cited by applicant]
Kilic et al., GPU Supported Haptic Device Integrated Dental Simulation Environment, in 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
Kim et al., “Efficient digitalization method for dental restorations using micro-CT data”, Scientific Reports, vol. 7, No. 1, p. 44577, Mar. 15, 2017. [cited by applicant]
Kozen, The Design and Analysis of Algorithms, Texts and Monographs in Computer Science, (c) 1992, See Whole book. [cited by applicant]
Kumar et al. “Improved segmentation of teeth in dental models.” Computer-Aided Design and Applications 8.2 (2011): 211-224. ( Year: 2011). [cited by applicant]
Kumar et al., Automatic Feature Identification in Dental Meshes, Research Gate, Article in computer-Aided Design and Applications, Aug. 2013, in 24 pages. [cited by applicant]
Liao et al., Automatic Tooth Segmentation of Dental Mesh Based on Harmonic Fields, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, BioMed Research International, vol. 2015, Article ID 187173, in 11 pages. [cited by applicant]
Lorensen et al., Marching Cubes: A High Resolution 3D Surface Construction Algorithm, Computer Graphics, vol. 21, No. 4, Jul. 1987 in 7 pages. [cited by applicant]
Pages et al., Generation of Computational Meshes from MRI and CT-Scan data, ResearchGate, ESAIM: Proceedings, Sep. 2005, vol. 14, 213-223 in 12 pages. [cited by applicant]
Perez et al., “A Comparison of Hole-Flling Methods in 3D”, Int. J. Appl. Math. Comput. Sci., vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 885-903, 2016. [cited by applicant]
Rabbani et al., “Segmentation of Point Clouds Using Smoothness Constraint”, ISPRS vol. XXXVI, Part 5, Dresden, Sep. 25-27, 2006, 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
Rietzel et al, “Moving targets: detection and tracking of internal organ motion for treatment planning and patient set up”, Radiotherapy and Oncology, vol. 73, supplement 2, Dec. 2004, pp. S68-S72. [cited by applicant]
Sedgewick et al., Algorithms and Data Structures Fall 2007, Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, https://www.cs.princeton.edu/˜rs/AlgsDS07/, downloaded Oct. 28, 2021, in 41 pages. [cited by applicant]
Wolfson, “On Curve Matching”, Robotics Research Technical Report, Technical Report No. 256, Robotic Report No. 86 (Nov. 1986) New York University, Dept. of Computer Science, New York, New York 10012. [cited by applicant]
Yang, Interactive Tooth Segmentation Method of Dental Model based on Geodesic, Research Gate, Jan. 2017, in 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
Zheng et al, Finite Difference Error Analysis of Geometry Properties of Implicit Surfaces, 2011, IEEE Symposium on Computers & Informatics, in 6 pages. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion in International PCT Application No. PCT/US2020/039383 mailed Sep. 25, 2020. [cited by applicant]
International Search Report and Written Opinion in International PCT application No. PCT/US2020/039324 mailed Oct. 19, 2020. [cited by applicant]