Optical waveguide element, optical modulator, optical modulation module, and optical transmission device
An optical waveguide device including: an optical waveguide composed of a protruding portion extending on a substrate; a signal electrode that is formed on the substrate and controls light waves propagating through the optical waveguide, in which the optical waveguide includes a Mach-Zehnder optical waveguide including two parallel waveguides having curved portions, the signal electrode includes two signal lines for transmitting a differential signal, respectively intersecting the two parallel waveguides at the curved portions, and in an intersection region, which is a region on the substrate where the two signal lines and the two parallel waveguides intersect, at least one of the two signal lines has a signal propagation velocity faster than in a portion other than the intersection region or one of the two signal lines has a signal propagation velocity faster than an other signal line.
1 . An optical waveguide device comprising:
an optical waveguide composed of a protruding portion extending on a substrate; and
a signal electrode that is formed on the substrate and controls light waves propagating through the optical waveguide, wherein
the optical waveguide includes a Mach-Zehnder optical waveguide including two parallel waveguides having curved portions,
the signal electrode includes two signal lines for transmitting a differential signal, each intersecting the two parallel waveguides at the curved portions, and
in an intersection region, which is a region on the substrate where the two signal lines and the two parallel waveguides intersect each other, the two signal lines have different intersection clearances, which are clearances between portions intersecting the two parallel waveguides, and
in the intersection region, at least one of the two signal lines has a signal propagation velocity faster than in a portion other than the intersection region or one of the two signal lines having a longer intersection clearance has a signal propagation velocity faster than an other signal line having a shorter intersection clearance.
2 . The optical waveguide device according to claim 1 , wherein
the substrate is provided with an intermediate layer between the substrate and the signal lines, and
a thickness of the intermediate layer in the intersection region is larger than a thickness in the portion other than the intersection region.
3 . The optical waveguide device according to claim 2 , wherein
the thickness of the intermediate layer in the intersection region is at least twice as large as the thickness in the portion other than the intersection region.
4 . The optical waveguide device according to claim 2 , wherein
the intermediate layer in the intersection region has a thickness in a lower portion of the one of the two signal lines larger than a thickness in a lower portion of the other signal line.
5 . The optical waveguide device according to claim 1 , wherein
an intermediate layer is provided between the substrate and the signal lines in the intersection region, and
the intermediate layer is not provided in the portion other than the intersection region, on the substrate.
6 . The optical waveguide device according to claim 1 , wherein
the two signal lines have a thickness in the intersection region larger than a thickness in the portion other than the intersection region.
7 . The optical waveguide device according to claim 6 , wherein
the two signal lines have the thickness in the intersection region that is at least twice as large as the thickness in the portion other than the intersection region.
8 . The optical waveguide device according to claim 6 , wherein
in the intersection region, a thickness of one of the two signal lines is larger than a thickness of the other signal line.
9 . The optical waveguide device according to claim 1 , wherein
the two signal lines have a width in the intersection region narrower than a width in a portion upstream of the intersection region along a propagation direction of the differential signal.
10 . The optical waveguide device according to claim 1 , wherein
in the intersection region, a width of one of the two signal lines is narrower than a width of the other signal line.
11 . The optical waveguide device according to claim 1 , wherein
a ground electrode is provided on the substrate, and
a clearance between the two signal electrodes and the ground electrode in the intersection region is wider than a clearance in the portion other than the intersection region.
12 . An optical modulator comprising:
the optical waveguide device according to claim 1 , which is an optical modulation device that modulates light;
a housing that houses the optical waveguide device;
an optical fiber that inputs light to the optical waveguide device; and
an optical fiber that guides light output by the optical waveguide device to outside the housing.
13 . An optical transmission apparatus comprising:
the optical modulator according to claim 12 ; and
an electronic circuit that generates an electrical signal for causing the optical waveguide device to perform a modulation operation.
14 . An optical modulation module comprising:
the optical waveguide device according to claim 1 , which is an optical modulation device that modulates light; and
a drive circuit that drives the optical waveguide device.
15 . An optical transmission apparatus comprising:
the optical modulation module according to claim 14 ; and
an electronic circuit that generates an electrical signal for causing the optical waveguide device to perform a modulation operation.