Communication terminal with interwoven and free-standing antenna radiators
A communication terminal may include interwoven high and low band phased array antennas that form signal beams in respective bands. The high band antenna may have center-grounded folded patch radiators. The low band antenna may have folded patch radiators that each surrounds a different respective center-grounded folded patch radiator of the high band antenna. The low and high band antennas may be mounted to ground traces on an antenna board. The antenna board may be mounted to a feeding board. Beamforming circuitry for the low and high band antennas may be disposed on the feeding board. The patch radiators of the low and high band antennas may be formed from free-standing folded sheet metal. The folded sheet metal may be mounted to the antenna board by conductive standoffs. The conductive standoffs may be used to feed the antenna radiators and/or to short the antenna radiators to the ground trace.
1 . A communication terminal comprising:
a printed circuit board having a ground trace;
a first antenna radiator that includes a first folded sheet metal patch overlapping the ground trace;
a conductive standoff that is coupled to the folded sheet metal patch at a feed terminal and that mounts the folded sheet metal patch to the printed circuit board; and
a second antenna radiator that includes a second folded sheet metal patch overlapping the ground trace, wherein the second antenna radiator laterally surrounds the first antenna radiator and is concentric with the first antenna radiator about a central axis of the first antenna radiator.
2 . The communication terminal of claim 1 , wherein the communication terminal is free of solid dielectric material between the folded sheet metal patch and the ground trace.
3 . The communication terminal of claim 1 , wherein the conductive standoff is soldered to a contact pad on the printed circuit board, the contact pad being electrically isolated from the ground trace.
4 . The communication terminal of claim 1 , further comprising:
a conductive alignment boss that extends from an end of the conductive standoff and into an opening in the printed circuit board.
5 . The communication terminal of claim 4 , further comprising:
an additional printed circuit board;
a contact pad on a first surface of the additional printed circuit board;
a signal trace on a second surface of the additional printed circuit board;
a conductive via that couples the contact pad to the signal trace through the additional printed circuit board; and
a pogo pin that couples the conductive alignment boss to the contact pad.
6 . The communication terminal of claim 5 , further comprising:
beamforming circuitry on the additional printed circuit board and coupled to the signal trace.
7 . The communication terminal of claim 6 , wherein the printed circuit board is separated from the additional printed circuit board by a gap and the pogo pin spans the gap.
8 . The communication terminal of claim 1 , wherein the first antenna radiator is configured to convey radio-frequency signals in a first frequency band,
the second antenna radiator is configured to convey radio-frequency signals in a second frequency band that is lower than the first frequency band, and at least some conductive material of the first antenna radiator is laterally interposed between the central axis of the first antenna radiator and the second antenna radiator.
9 . The communication terminal of claim 8 , further comprising:
a conductive fence surface mounted to the printed circuit board and laterally surrounding the second antenna radiator.
10 . The communication terminal of claim 1 , further comprising:
an additional conductive standoff that is coupled to the folded sheet metal patch at the central axis, wherein the additional conductive standoff mounts the folded sheet metal patch to the printed circuit board and the additional conductive standoff is electrically shorted to the ground trace.
11 . The communication terminal of claim 10 , further comprising:
an additional printed circuit board;
beamforming circuitry for the antenna radiator on the additional printed circuit board; and
a conductive fastener that extends through the additional conductive standoff, a first opening the printed circuit board, and an additional opening in the additional printed circuit board.
12 . The communication terminal of claim 11 , further comprising:
a spacer that separates the printed circuit board from the additional printed circuit board; and
a locking nut surface mounted to the additional printed circuit board, wherein the conductive fastener extends through the spacer and into the locking nut.
13 . The communication terminal of claim 1 , wherein the folded sheet metal patch has a lateral portion parallel to the ground trace, the lateral portion has an inner edge at a central opening of the folded sheet metal patch, the lateral portion has an outer edge opposite the inner edge, the folded sheet metal patch has an inner sidewall that extends from the inner edge to the ground trace, and the folded sheet metal patch has an outer sidewall that extends from the outer edge towards the ground trace.
14 . Wireless circuitry comprising:
a printed circuit board having a ground trace;
a first radiating patch mounted to the printed circuit board, wherein
the first radiating patch has a first lateral portion parallel to the ground trace,
the first radiating patch has a central opening, an inner edge at the central opening, and an outer edge opposite the inner edge,
the first radiating patch has an inner sidewall that extends from the inner edge and that is coupled to the ground trace,
the first radiating patch has an outer sidewall that extends from the outer edge towards the ground trace,
the outer sidewall is separated from the ground trace by a gap, and
the first radiating patch is configured to convey radio-frequency signals in a first frequency band; and
a conductive fence surface mounted to the ground trace and laterally surrounding the first radiating patch.
15 . The wireless circuitry of claim 14 , further comprising:
a second radiating patch mounted to the printed circuit board within the central opening of the first radiating patch, the second radiating patch being configured to convey radio-frequency signals in a second frequency band higher than the first frequency band.
16 . The wireless circuitry of claim 15 , wherein the second radiating patch has a second lateral portion parallel to the ground trace and has a sidewall that extends from the second lateral portion towards the ground trace, the sidewall of the second radiating patch being separated from the ground trace by an additional gap.
17 . The wireless circuitry of claim 16 , further comprising:
a conductive standoff that mounts the second radiating patch to the printed circuit board along a central axis of the second radiating patch, wherein the sidewall of the second radiating patch is laterally interposed between the conductive standoff and the inner sidewall of the first radiating patch.
18 . The wireless circuitry of claim 15 ,
wherein the second radiating patch is concentric with the first radiating patch and the conductive fence about a central axis of the second radiating patch.
19 . Apparatus comprising:
a printed circuit board;
first, second, and third antenna radiators surface mounted to the printed circuit board and configured to form a first signal beam in a first frequency band; and
fourth, fifth, and sixth antenna radiators surface mounted to the printed circuit board and configured to form a second signal beam in a second frequency band higher than the first frequency band, wherein
the first antenna radiator is concentric with the fourth antenna radiator,
the first, second, and third antenna radiators are disposed at respective vertices of a first equilateral triangle having sides of a first length,
the fourth, fifth, and sixth antenna radiators are disposed at respective vertices of a second equilateral triangle having sides of a second length less than the first length, and
the first equilateral triangle at least partially overlaps the second equilateral triangle.
20 . The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the printed circuit board has a ground trace, the first, second, and third antenna radiators comprise folded patches overlapping the ground trace, the fourth, fifth, and sixth antenna radiators comprise center-grounded folded patches overlapping the ground trace, the first, second, and third antenna radiators are disposed in respective first, second, and third rows, the fourth and fifth antenna radiators are disposed in the first row, and the sixth antenna radiator is disposed in the second row.