Carbon-carbon composite sorbent formulations for carbon dioxide adsorption, and related methods
A carbon-carbon composite sorbent form removing carbon dioxide from a gaseous material includes a base material including a porous carbon material including pores having an average diameter within a range of from about 2 nm to about 50 nm, and an adsorption material on surfaces of the base material and surfaces defining the pores, the adsorption material having a different material composition than the base material. The adsorption material has a higher nitrogen content than the base material and includes greater than about 2.0 atomic percent nitrogen exclusive of hydrogen in the adsorption material. Related methods of forming the carbon-carbon composite sorbents and additional carbon-carbon composite sorbents are disclosed.
1 . A carbon-carbon composite sorbent for removal of carbon dioxide from a gaseous material, the carbon-carbon composite sorbent comprising:
a base material including a mesoporous carbon material including pores having an average diameter within a range of from about 2 nm to about 50 nm; and
an adsorption material on surfaces of the base material and surfaces defining the pores of the base material, the adsorption material having a different material composition than the base material, a nitrogen content of the adsorption material, exclusive of hydrogen, within a range of from about 2.0 atomic percent to about 3.0 atomic percent,
wherein a thickness of the adsorption material is within a range of from about 5 Å to about 20 Å, and
wherein the adsorption material has a higher nitrogen content than the base material and includes greater than about 2.0 atomic percent nitrogen exclusive of hydrogen in the adsorption material, a nitrogen content of the carbon-carbon composite sorbent within a range of from about 0.20 atomic percent to about 1.0 atomic percent.
2 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-carbon composite sorbent exhibits a selectivity to carbon dioxide relative to nitrogen greater than about 14.00 at about 30° C. and about 760 mmHg total pressure when exposed to a gas including about 15 volume percent carbon dioxide and about 85 volume percent nitrogen.
3 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 1 , wherein the adsorption material includes a greater atomic percent of oxygen than the base material.
4 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 1 , wherein the base material includes a greater atomic percent of carbon than the adsorption material.
5 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 1 , wherein the adsorption material includes:
a carbon content, exclusive of hydrogen in the adsorption material, within a range of from about 85.0 atomic percent to about 95.0 atomic percent; and
an oxygen content, exclusive of hydrogen in the adsorption material, within a range of from about 2.0 atomic percent to about 8.0 atomic percent.
6 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen content of the adsorption material, exclusive of hydrogen, is greater than about 4.0 atomic percent.
7 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 1 , wherein a density of the carbon-carbon composite sorbent is greater than about 0.50 g/cm 3 .
8 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 1 , wherein the adsorption material includes from about 0.5 atomic percent to about 2.0 atomic percent sulfur, exclusive of hydrogen.
9 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 1 , wherein the adsorption material includes one or more of pyridine groups, pyrrole groups, or pyrone groups.
10 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 9 , wherein the base material is substantially free of pyridine groups, pyrrole groups, or pyrone groups.
11 . A carbon-carbon composite sorbent for removal of carbon dioxide from a gaseous material, the carbon-carbon composite sorbent comprising:
a base material including a mesoporous carbon material including pores having an average diameter within a range of from about 2 nm to about 50 nm; and
an adsorption material on surfaces of the base material and surfaces defining the pores of the base material, the adsorption material having a different material composition than the base material, a nitrogen content of the adsorption material, exclusive of hydrogen, within a range of from about 2.0 atomic percent to about 3.0 atomic percent,
wherein the adsorption material includes:
a carbon content, exclusive of hydrogen in the adsorption material, within a range of from about 85.0 atomic percent to about 95.0 atomic percent; and
an oxygen content, exclusive of hydrogen in the adsorption material, within a range of from about 2.0 atomic percent to about 8.0 atomic percent,
wherein the adsorption material has a higher nitrogen content than the base material and includes greater than about 2.0 atomic percent nitrogen exclusive of hydrogen in the adsorption material, a nitrogen content of the carbon-carbon composite sorbent within a range of from about 0.20 atomic percent to about 1.0 atomic percent.
12 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 11 , wherein the adsorption material includes a greater atomic percent of oxygen than the base material.
13 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 11 , wherein the base material includes a greater atomic percent of carbon than the adsorption material.
14 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 11 , wherein the adsorption material includes one or more of pyridine groups, pyrrole groups, or pyrone groups.
15 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 14 , wherein the base material is substantially free of pyridine groups, pyrrole groups, or pyrone groups.
16 . A carbon-carbon composite sorbent for removal of carbon dioxide from a gaseous material, the carbon-carbon composite sorbent comprising:
a base material including a mesoporous carbon material including pores having an average diameter within a range of from about 2 nm to about 50 nm; and
an adsorption material on surfaces of the base material and surfaces defining the pores of the base material, the adsorption material having a different material composition than the base material, a nitrogen content of the adsorption material, exclusive of hydrogen, within a range of from about 2.0 atomic percent to about 3.0 atomic percent,
wherein the adsorption material includes one or more of pyridine groups, pyrrole groups, or pyrone groups,
wherein the base material is substantially free of pyridine groups, pyrrole groups, or pyrone groups,
wherein the adsorption material has a higher nitrogen content than the base material and includes greater than about 2.0 atomic percent nitrogen exclusive of hydrogen in the adsorption material, a nitrogen content of the carbon-carbon composite sorbent within a range of from about 0.20 atomic percent to about 1.0 atomic percent.
17 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 16 , wherein the adsorption material includes a greater atomic percent of oxygen than the base material.
18 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 16 , wherein the base material includes a greater atomic percent of carbon than the adsorption material.
19 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 16 , wherein a density of the carbon-carbon composite sorbent is greater than about 0.50 g/cm 3 .
20 . The carbon-carbon composite sorbent of claim 16 , wherein the adsorption material includes from about 0.5 atomic percent to about 2.0 atomic percent sulfur, exclusive of hydrogen.