US 3335052A
· Brown
· 1967
[cited by applicant]
US 4038396A
· Shen et al.
· 1977
[cited by applicant]
US 4188486A
· Tsukamoto et al.
· 1980
[cited by applicant]
US 5552426A
· Lunn et al.
· 1996
[cited by applicant]
US 7781596B1
· Lubisch et al.
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
US 7893271B2
· Chassaing
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 7915299B2
· Petersen et al.
· 2011
[cited by applicant]
US 9120711B2
· Nolan et al.
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
US 9233983B2
· Thakkar et al.
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
US 20070037865A1
· Nunes et al.
· 2007
[cited by applicant]
US 20140114067A1
· Pae et al.
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
US 20150216168A1
· Frackenpohl
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
CN 104873500A
· 2015
[cited by applicant]
DE 3830060A1
· 1990
[cited by applicant]
WO 8803921
· 1988
[cited by applicant]
WO 1988003921A1
· 1988
[cited by applicant]
WO 2004045509A2
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
WO 2004093802A2
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
WO 20040099190A1
· 2004
[cited by applicant]
WO 2009127815A1
· 2009
[cited by applicant]
WO 2010142426A1
· 2010
[cited by applicant]
WO 2014179303A1
· 2014
[cited by applicant]
WO 2016061190A1
· 2016
[cited by applicant]
WO 2017106050A1
· 2017
[cited by applicant]
WO 2020033359A1
· 2020
[cited by applicant]
WO WO2021262617A1
· 2021
[cited by examiner]
Jin et al., “The optimal choice of medication administrationroute regarding intravenous, intramuscular, andsubcutaneous injection” Patient Preference and Adherence 2020 9 923-942 (Year: 2020).
[cited by examiner]
Johns Hopkins “Early-Onset Alzheimer's disease” accessed from hopkinsmedicine.org on Oct. 29, 2025 (Year: 2025).
[cited by examiner]
Psychiatrist “A 19-Year-Old Is Youngest Ever to Be Diagnosed with Alzheimer's” accessed from psychiatrist.com on Oct. 29, 2025; published Feb. 14, 2023 (Year: 2023).
[cited by examiner]
Extended European Search Report issued in PCT/US2016065972 Jul. 4, 2019.
[cited by applicant]
Weydt, et al., The gene coding for PCG-1Î+—modifies age at onset in Huntington's Disease, Molecular Neurodegeneration, Biomed Central, Ltd., LO, vol. 4, No. 1, p. 3, XP021052334, ISSN: 1750-1326, DOIL 10.1186/1750-1326-…
[cited by applicant]
Soyal, et al., A greatly extended PPARGC1A genomic locus encodes several new brain-specific isoforms and influences Huntington disease age of onset+. HumanMolecular Genetics, vol. 21, No. 15, pp. 3461-3473, XP055598439,…
[cited by applicant]
Beers, et al., Immune dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: mechanisms and emerging therapies, www.thelancet.com/neurology, vol. 18, pp. 211-220 Feb. 2019.
[cited by applicant]
Wenz, Review Article, Mitochondria and PGC-1 α in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases, Sage-Hindawi Access to Research, Journal of Aging Research, vol. 2011, Article ID 810619, 12 pages, doi:10.4061/2011/810619 Oct. 15, 2…
[cited by applicant]
Sun, et al., In vitro and in vivo metabolite identification of a novel benzimidazole compound ZLN005 by liquid chromotography/tandem mass spectrometry, Wiley Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, vol. 32, pp. 480-4…
[cited by applicant]
Bottcher, et al., Myeloid cell-based therapies in neurological disorders: How far have we come?, Elsevier, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, pp. 323-328 2016.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report issued in PCT/US2015/055479 Jan. 6, 2016.
[cited by applicant]
Benatar, M., Lost in translation: Treatment trials in the SOD1 mouse and in human ALS, Neurobiology of Disease 26:1-13 2007.
[cited by applicant]
Dibernardo, et al., Translating preclinical insights into effective human trials in ALS, Biochimica at Biophysics Acta 1762:1139-1149 2006.
[cited by applicant]
Ernhoefer, et al., Mouse models of Huntington disease: variations on a theme, Disease Models & Mechanisms 2:123-129 2009.
[cited by applicant]
Nazem, et al., Rodent models of neuroinflammation for Alzheimer's disease, Journal of Neuroinflammation 12:74, 15 pages 2015.
[cited by applicant]
Cho, et al., SIRT1 Deficiency in Microglia Contributes to Cognitive Decline in Aging and Neurodegeneration via Epigenetic Regulation of IL-1ß Jan. 14, 2015.
[cited by applicant]
International Search Report issued in PCT/US2019/45229 Jan. 9, 2020.
[cited by applicant]
Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority issued in PCT/US2019/45229 Jan. 9, 2020.
[cited by applicant]
Tert-Butyl 2-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole-1-carboxylate, C18H18N202, PubChem available at https://pubchem.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/compound/21863819 Oct. 14, 2019.
[cited by applicant]
Cognitive Disorder, retrieved from https://en.wikepedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cognitive_disorder&oldid=844641350. 2018.
[cited by applicant]
Intemational Search Report and Written Opinion issued in PCT/US2016/065972, mailed Feb. 17, 2017. Feb. 17, 2017.
[cited by applicant]
Zhang et al., “Novel Small-Molecule PGC-1 Transcriptional Regulator with Beneficial Effects on Diabetic db/db Mice,” Diabetes, 62 pp. 1297-1307 2013.
[cited by applicant]
STN Reg. No. 1513993-57-1, entered into STN on Jan. 8, 2014. (Year: 2014) Jan. 1, 2014.
[cited by applicant]
Davies, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol. 22, 2012, p. 2620-2623 2012.
[cited by applicant]
Simplicio, et al., Prodrugs for Amines, Molecules 13, 519-547 2008.
[cited by applicant]
Tway, et al. Photophysical Properties of Benzimidazole and Thiabendazole and Their Homologues. Effect of Substituents and Solvent on the Nature of the Transition, American Chemical Society, J. Phys. Chem., vol. 86, pp. …
[cited by applicant]
Evans, et al., Moderate modulation of disease in the G93A model of ALS by the compound 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-benzoxazole (HBX), Elsevier, Neuroscience Letters, vol. 624, pp. 1-7 2016.
[cited by applicant]
Duchowicz, et al., QSAR analysis for heterocyclic antifungals, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 15, pp. 2680-2689 2007.
[cited by applicant]
CAS Reg. No. 1505410-61-6, entered into STN. on Dec. 27, 2013 (Year: 2013) 2013.
[cited by applicant]
CAS Reg. No. 1511417-57-4, entered into STN. on Jan. 5, 2014 (Year: 2014) 2013.
[cited by applicant]
Jpn. Kokai Tokyo Koho, Chem Abstracts Accession No. 2013:717665, Document No. 158:682432, Sealing Polymer Compositions for Solar Cells, Uesugi, et al., 47 pp., 2013 2013.
[cited by applicant]
Austin et al., PGC-1alpha and mitochondrial metabolism-emerging concepts and relevance in ageing and neurodegenerative disorders. J. Cell Science, vol. 125(21 ), pp. 4963-4971, 2012.
[cited by applicant]
Qin et al., PGC-1alpha expression decreases in the alzheimer disease brain as a function of dementia. Arch Neural, vol. 66(3), pp. 352-361 2009.
[cited by applicant]
Zheng et al., PGC-1alpha, a potential therapeutic target for early intervention in Parkinson's disease. Sci. Transl. Med., vol. 2(52), pp. 1-12 2010.
[cited by applicant]
Grigsby et al., The role of microglia in diabetic retinopathy. Journal of Ophthalmology, Review Article, pp. 1-15 2014.
[cited by applicant]
Ibrahim et al., Retinal microglial activation and inflammation induced by amadori-glycated albumin in a rat model of diabetes. Diabetes, vol. 60, pp. 1122-1133 2011.
[cited by applicant]
Bernardo et al., PPAR-)( agonists as regulators of microglial activation and brain inflammation. Current Pharmaceutical Design, vol. 12, pp. 93-109 2006.
[cited by applicant]
K. Muto et al. (C—H arylation and alkenylation of imidazoles by nickel catalysis: solvent-accelerated imidazole C—H activation, Chem . Sci, 2015, VL-6, IS-12, p. 6792-6798, DO-10.1039/C5SC02942B. 2015.
[cited by applicant]
K. Muto et al. Supplemental (C—H arylation and alkenylation of imidazoles by nickel catalysis: solvent-accelerated imidazole C—H activation, Chem . Sci, 2015, VL-6, IS-12, p. 6792-6798, DO-10.1039/C5SC02942B. 2015.
[cited by applicant]
H. Chen et al. (External Oxidant-Free Regioselective Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling of 2-Aryl imidazoheterocycles and Azoles with H2 Evolution via Photoredox Catalysis, Adv. Synth. Catal. Jun. 2018, VL-360, IS-17, p. 32…
[cited by applicant]
Alzheimer Disease from Merck Manual, pp. 1-10. Accessed Nov. 27, 2018. 2018.
[cited by applicant]
Mattson MP, “Pathways towards and away from Alzheimer's disease,” Nature, Aug. 5, 2004, 430: 631-639, and p. 107 2004.
[cited by applicant]