IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,712,554
Granted Patent B2
US 12,712,554 · App. 18/870,435 · Granted Aug 18, 2026

Apparatus, system, and method of local oscillator (LO) generator

Inventors: Kobi Ben Atar (Mazkeret Batya, IL); Nir Weisman (Hod Hasharon, IL); Run Levinger (Portland, OR); Danniel Nahmanny (Givat Shapira, IL)
Assignee: INTEL CORPORATION
H03L7/0992H03K3/0315H03L7/0995H03L7/24
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,712,554
App. No.
18/870,435
Granted
Aug 18, 2026
Kind
B2
Abstract

For example, a Local Oscillator (LO) generator may include a plurality of frequency sources configured to provide a respective plurality of frequency source signals according to a first frequency; and an injection-locked frequency divider configured to provide an LO signal having a second frequency. In one example, the second frequency may be based on the first frequency divided by a factor n. For example, the factor n may be an odd integer greater than one. For example, the injection-locked frequency divider may include a plurality of injection paths to inject the plurality of frequency source signals into an injection-locked Ring Oscillator (RO).

Claims (34)

1 . An apparatus comprising:

a Local Oscillator (LO) generator configured to generate an LO signal, the LO generator comprising:

a plurality of frequency sources configured to provide a respective plurality of frequency source signals according to a first frequency; and

an injection-locked frequency divider configured to provide the LO signal having a second frequency, wherein the second frequency is based on the first frequency divided by n, wherein n is an odd integer greater than 1, wherein the injection-locked frequency divider comprises a plurality of injection paths to inject the plurality of frequency source signals into an injection-locked Ring Oscillator (RO), wherein a frequency source signal of the plurality of frequency source signals has a first phase noise, and wherein the LO signal has a second phase noise lower than the first phase noise.

2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of frequency sources comprises a first frequency source to provide a first frequency source signal according to the first frequency, and a second frequency source to provide a second frequency source signal according to the first frequency, wherein the injection-locked frequency divider comprises a first injection path to inject the first frequency source signal into a first inverter stage of the injection-locked RO, and a second injection path to inject the second frequency source signal into a second inverter stage of the injection-locked RO.

3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a count of injection paths in the plurality of injection paths is equal to a count of frequency sources in the plurality of frequency sources.

4 . The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of injection paths are configured to respectively inject the plurality of frequency source signals into the injection-locked RO.

5 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a count of injection paths in the plurality of injection paths is greater than a count of frequency sources in the plurality of frequency sources.

6 . The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein two or more injection paths are configured to inject a same frequency source signal into the injection-locked RO.

7 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein an injection path of the plurality of injection paths comprises a plurality of injection-locking transistors connected in series to an inverter stage of the injection-locked RO, wherein the plurality of injection-locking transistors is controllable according to a frequency source signal of the plurality of frequency source signals.

8 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of frequency sources are uncorrelated.

9 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second phase noise is lower than the first phase noise by a factor of 10 log (m), wherein m denotes a count of frequency sources in the plurality of frequency sources.

10 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein n=3.

11 . The apparatus of claim 1 comprising a frequency multiplier configured to multiply the second frequency of the LO signal by a factor greater than one.

12 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a frequency source of the plurality of frequency sources comprises a Digital Phase Locked Loop (DPLL).

13 . The apparatus of claim 1 comprising a Radio Frequency (RF) chain configured to process an RF signal based on the LO signal.

14 . An apparatus comprising:

a Local Oscillator (LO) generator configured to generate an LO signal, the LO generator comprising:

a plurality of frequency sources configured to provide a respective plurality of frequency source signals according to a first frequency; and

an injection-locked frequency divider configured to provide the LO signal having a second frequency, wherein the second frequency is based on the first frequency divided by n, wherein n is an odd integer greater than 1, wherein the injection-locked frequency divider comprises a plurality of injection paths to inject the plurality of frequency source signals into an injection-locked Ring Oscillator (RO); and

a controller configured to control a phase of at least one frequency source signal of the plurality of frequency source signals based on an amplitude of the LO signal.

15 . The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the controller is configured to control a phase difference between at least first and second frequency source signals of the plurality of frequency source signals based on the amplitude of the LO signal.

16 . The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the plurality of frequency sources are uncorrelated.

17 . A device comprising:

a Local Oscillator (LO) generator configured to generate an LO signal, the LO generator comprising:

a plurality of frequency sources configured to provide a respective plurality of frequency source signals according to a first frequency; and

an injection-locked frequency divider configured to provide the LO signal having a second frequency, wherein the second frequency is based on the first frequency divided by n, wherein n is an odd integer greater than 1, wherein the injection-locked frequency divider comprises a plurality of injection paths to inject the plurality of frequency source signals into an injection-locked Ring Oscillator (RO);

a controller configured to control a phase of at least one frequency source signal of the plurality of frequency source signals based on an amplitude of the LO signal;

a Radio Frequency (RF) chain configured to process an RF signal based on the LO signal;

an antenna to communicate the RF signal; and

a processor configured to process information based on the RF signal.

18 . The device of claim 17 , wherein the plurality of frequency sources comprises a first frequency source to provide a first frequency source signal according to the first frequency, and a second frequency source to provide a second frequency source signal according to the first frequency, wherein the injection-locked frequency divider comprises a first injection path to inject the first frequency source signal into a first inverter stage of the injection-locked RO, and a second injection path to inject the second frequency source signal into a second inverter stage of the injection-locked RO.

19 . The device of claim 17 comprising a wireless communication device, wherein the processor is configured to process wireless communication signals communicated by the RF chain.

20 . The device of claim 17 comprising a radar device, wherein the processor is configured to generate radar information based on radar signals communicated by the RF chain.

Assignments (1)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Aug 31, 2025
From: BEN ATAR, KOBI; WEISMAN, NIR; LEVINGER, RUN; NAHMANNY, DANNIEL
To: INTEL CORPORATION
Reel/Frame 072774/0487 →
Continuity (1)
Related Publication 20250350288A1 · Nov 13, 2025
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