Contradirectional-filter architecture having low back-reflection
The teachings of the present disclosure enable wavelength-agile WDM systems comprising wavelength drop ports based on contra-DC wavelength filters, where back-reflections at each drop port are mitigated by virtue of the system architecture. The contra-DC filters are arranged in a series along a common bus waveguide such that the operating wavelengths of the filters change in monotonic fashion through the series. As a result, back-reflections arising at each filter is suppressed by the contra-DC filter that precedes it in the series. In some embodiments, each contra-DC filter is configured such that its filter bandwidth is large enough to accommodate both its drop signal and back-reflections arising from the grating element of the preceding contra-DC filter in the series. In some embodiments, conventional back-reflection approaches are used in concert with the system-architecture approach of the present disclosure.
1 . A wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system comprising:
a bus waveguide for receiving a WDM signal that includes a plurality of wavelength signals, wherein the bus waveguide includes a plurality of bus-waveguide portions; and
a plurality of contra-directional coupler (contra-DC) filters that is optically coupled with the bus waveguide, wherein each contra-DC filter of the plurality thereof is characterized by a different filter bandwidth and different drop signal that includes a drop wavelength, and wherein the plurality of contra-DC filters is arranged in a series along the bus waveguide such that the plurality of filter bandwidths are non-overlapping and the plurality of drop wavelengths changes monotonically along the series;
wherein each contra-DC filter includes a grating element that is optically coupled with a different bus-waveguide portion of the plurality thereof, the grating element comprising a periodic arrangement of teeth and a grating waveguide that extends through the entire length of the grating element, the grating waveguide including a drop port.
2 . The WDM system of claim 1 wherein the plurality of drop wavelengths increases monotonically along the series.
3 . The WDM system of claim 1 wherein a first contra-DC filter of the plurality thereof gives rise to a first reflected signal on the bus waveguide, and wherein the first reflected signal has a first reflected spectrum that is within the filter bandwidth of a second contra-DC filter of the plurality thereof, and further wherein the first and second contra-DC filters are adjacent in the series.
4 . The WDM system of claim 3 wherein the plurality of filter bandwidths collectively defines a composite bandwidth, and wherein each contra-DC filter of the plurality thereof gives rise to a second reflected signal on its respective grating waveguide, and further wherein each of the plurality of second reflected signals has a reflected spectrum that is outside the composite bandwidth.
5 . The WDM system of claim 3 wherein the first contra-DC filter of the plurality thereof gives rise to a second reflected signal on its respective grating waveguide, and wherein the second reflected signal has a second reflected spectrum that is between the filter bandwidth of the first contra-DC filter and the filter bandwidth of a second contra-DC filter that is adjacent to the first contra-DC filter in the series.
6 . The WDM system of claim 3 wherein each filter bandwidth of the plurality thereof includes a pad region, and wherein the first contra-DC filter of the plurality thereof gives rise to a second reflected signal on its respective grating waveguide, and wherein the second reflected signal has a second reflected spectrum that is within the pad region of a second contra-DC filter that is adjacent to the first contra-DC filter in the series.
7 . The WDM system of claim 1 wherein each contra-DC filter includes a different portion of the bus waveguide, and wherein, at each contra-DC filter of the plurality thereof, its respective bus-waveguide portion and grating element are configured to define first and second taper regions and a mirror region located between the first and second taper regions, the mirror region being a strongly coupled region for a first light signal, the grating waveguide being included in each of the first and second taper regions and the mirror region, and wherein the first taper region includes a first adiabatic coupler for adiabatically transitioning the first light signal between a first weak coupling region and the mirror region, and further wherein the second taper region includes a second adiabatic coupler for adiabatically transitioning a second light signal between the mirror region and a second weak coupling region, the second light signal including at least a portion of the first light signal.
8 . The WDM system of claim 7 wherein each bus-waveguide portion of the plurality thereof has a first core having a first width at an input port and a second width at the mirror region of its respective contra-DC filter, the first width being larger than the second width.
9 . The WDM system of claim 1 wherein each tooth of the periodic arrangement of teeth has a tooth length that varies according to its position within the periodic arrangement.
10 . The WDM system of claim 1 wherein at least one drop signal of the plurality thereof includes a wavelength channel that is a coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CDWM) channel, and wherein the CWDM channel includes a plurality of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) signals.
11 . A method for dropping at least one wavelength signal from a wavelength divisional multiplexed (WDM) signal that includes a first plurality of wavelength signals, the method comprising:
providing the WDM signal on a bus waveguide that is operatively coupled with a plurality of contra-directional coupler (contra-DC) filters, wherein each contra-DC filter of the plurality thereof is characterized by a different filter bandwidth and different drop signal that includes a drop wavelength, and wherein the plurality of contra-DC filters is arranged in a series along the bus waveguide such that the plurality of filter bandwidths are non-overlapping and the plurality of drop wavelengths changes monotonically along the series;
dropping a first drop signal to a first drop port of a first contra-DC filter of the plurality thereof; and
dropping a second drop signal at a second drop port of a second contra-DC filter of the plurality thereof.
12 . The method of claim 11 further comprising providing the plurality of contra-DC filters such that the plurality of drop wavelengths increases monotonically along the series.
13 . The method of claim 11 wherein the first contra-DC filter gives rise to a first reflected signal on the bus waveguide, the first reflected signal having a first reflected spectrum, and wherein the method further includes:
providing the first and second contra-DC filters such that they are adjacent in the series, wherein the second contra-DC filter is provided such that its respective filter bandwidth includes the first reflected spectrum; and
suppressing the first reflected signal at the second contra-DC filter.
14 . The method of claim 13 wherein the first contra-DC filter gives rise to a second reflected signal on its respective grating waveguide, the second reflected signal having a second reflected spectrum, and wherein the method further includes:
providing the plurality of contra-DC filters such that the plurality of filter bandwidths defines a composite bandwidth that is non-inclusive of the second reflected spectrum.
15 . The method of claim 13 wherein the first contra-DC filter gives rise to a second reflected signal on its respective grating waveguide, the second reflected signal having a second reflected spectrum, and wherein the method further includes:
providing the first and second contra-DC filters such that they are adjacent in the series and such that second reflected spectrum is between their respective filter bandwidths.
16 . The method of claim 13 wherein the first contra-DC filter gives rise to a second reflected signal on its respective grating waveguide, the second reflected signal having a second reflected spectrum, and wherein the method further includes:
providing the plurality of contra-DC filters such that each filter bandwidth includes a pad region, wherein the pad region included in the filter spectrum of the second contra-DC filter includes the second reflected spectrum.
17 . The method of claim 11 wherein each contra-DC filter of the plurality thereof is provided such that it includes a different bus-waveguide portion of the bus waveguide, and wherein, at each contra-DC filter of the plurality thereof, its respective bus-waveguide portion and grating element are configured to define first and second taper regions and a mirror region located between the first and second taper regions, the mirror region being a strongly coupled region for a first light signal, the grating waveguide being included in each of the first and second taper regions and the mirror region, and wherein the first taper region includes a first adiabatic coupler for adiabatically transitioning the first light signal between a first weak coupling region and the mirror region, and further wherein the second taper region includes a second adiabatic coupler for adiabatically transitioning a second light signal between the mirror region and a second weak coupling region, the second light signal including at least a first portion of the first light signal.
18 . The method of claim 17 wherein each contra-DC filter of the plurality thereof is provided such that its respective bus-waveguide portion has a core having a first width at an input port and a second width at the mirror region of its respective contra-DC filter, the first width being larger than the second width.
19 . The method of claim 11 wherein at least one contra-DC filter of the plurality thereof is provided such that its respective drop signal includes a wavelength channel that is a CDWM channel, and wherein the CWDM channel includes a plurality of DWDM signals.