Calcium fortification of bread dough
Calcium fortified foods, such as leavened baked goods, are disclosed. Methods for preparing calcium fortified foods and calcium additives are also disclosed.
1. A calcium fortified leavened baked product comprising an amount of calcium carbonate sufficient to provide at least about 0.1% by weight elemental calcium based on the weight of said baked product, said calcium carbonate having a median particle diameter of less than about 30 microns, and flour that is substantially free of bran and wheat middlings, wherein the baked product has a pH from about 3.0 to about 6.0, and has one or more qualities selected from taste, texture, volume, and crumb structure that is substantially identical to, or superior to, the same quality of an otherwise identical baked product that has not been fortified with calcium.
2. The calcium fortified baked product of claim 1 having a pH of about 4.0 to about 5.8.
3. The calcium fortified baked product of claim 2 having a pH of about 5.0 to about 5.4.
4. The calcium fortified baked product according to claim 1 , wherein the bread product is selected from the group consisting of, a white bread, a wheat bread, a hamburger bun, a roll, a bagel, a pizza crust, a snack food, a Danish, and a muffin.
5. The calcium fortified baked product according to claim 4 , wherein the bread product is selected from the group consisting of: a white bread, a hamburger bun, and a roll.
6. The calcium fortified baked product of claim 5 comprising calcium from about 0.8% to about 1.2% by weight.
7. The calcium fortified baked product of claim 5 comprising calcium from about 0.5% to about 1.8% by weight.
8. The calcium fortified baked product of claim 5 comprising calcium from about 0.2% to about 1.2% by weight.
9. The calcium fortified baked product of claim 5 wherein the taste, texture, volume, and crumb structure are substantially identical to, or superior to, the same qualities of an otherwise identical baked product that has not been fortified with calcium.
10. The calcium fortified baked product of claim 5 , wherein at least 90% by weight of said flour is comprised of patent flour.
11. The calcium fortified leavened baked product according to claim 5 , wherein the taste is substantially identical to, or superior to, the taste of an otherwise identical baked product in the absence of added calcium.
12. The calcium fortified leavened baked product according to claim 5 , wherein the texture is substantially identical to, or superior to, the texture of an otherwise identical baked product in the absence of added calcium.
13. The calcium fortified leavened baked product according to claim 5 , wherein the volume is substantially identical to, or superior to, the volume of an otherwise identical baked product in the absence of added calcium.
14. The calcium fortified leavened baked product according to claim 5 , wherein the crumb structure is substantially identical to, or superior to, the crumb structure of an otherwise identical baked product in the absence of added calcium.
15. The calcium fortified baked product of claim 1 comprising at least about 1.0% by weight elemental calcium.
16. The calcium fortified baked product of claim 1 wherein said calcium carbonate has a median particle diameter from about 10 microns to about 15 microns.
17. The calcium fortified baked product according to claim 1 , further comprising an organic carboxylic acid in a weight ratio to said calcium carbonate from about 1:1 to about 1:75.
18. The calcium fortified baked product according to claim 17 , wherein said organic carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, and combinations thereof.
19. The calcium fortified baked product according to claim 17 , wherein said organic carboxylic acid is citric acid.
20. A method of fortifying dough with calcium comprising the steps of incorporating calcium carbonate powder and a calcium salt of propionic acid into a flour-containing dough in an amount sufficient to provide a leavened baked product having at least about 0.1% by weight elemental calcium, the calcium carbonate powder having a median particle diameter from about 0.05 microns to about 30 microns, and the pH of the resulting leavened baked product being between about 3.0 and 6.0.