Calcium fortification of bread dough
Calcium additives useful for fortifying baked goods, such as bread products, with calcium are disclosed. The calcium additives are particularly useful for fortifying leavened baked goods with calcium. Methods for preparing the calcium additives and using the calcium additives to fortify baked goods are also disclosed. Generally, the calcium additives comprise intimate admixtures calcium carbonate and an acid such as citric acid.
1. A dry calcium additive for use in a leavened bread product comprising an intimate admixture of: (1) calcium carbonate powder having a median particle size less than about 30 μm; and (2) an organic acid which is solid at ambient temperature; wherein the intimate admixture is in dry form; wherein the weight ratio of calcium carbonate powder to organic acid is from about 10:1 to about 75:1; and wherein the additive is substantially free of calcium salts of the organic acid.
2. The dry calcium additive of claim 1 wherein the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, and malic acid.
3. The dry calcium additive of claim 2 wherein the organic acid is citric acid.
4. The dry calcium additive of claim 3 wherein the weight ratio of calcium carbonate powder to citric acid is from about 10:1 to about 50:1.
5. The dry calcium additive of claim 4 wherein the weight ratio of calcium carbonate powder to citric acid is from about 10:1 to about 30:1.
6. The dry calcium additive of claim 5 wherein the weight ratio of calcium carbonate powder to citric acid is from about 15:1 to about 25:1.
7. The dry calcium additive of claim 6 wherein the weight ratio of calcium carbonate powder to citric acid is from about 18:1 to about 23:1.
8. The dry calcium additive of claim 1 wherein the calcium carbonate powder has a median particle size below about 20 μm.
9. The dry calcium additive of claim 8 wherein the calcium carbonate powder has a median particle size from about 10 μm to about 15 μm.
10. The dry calcium additive of claim 9 wherein the calcium carbonate powder has a median particle size from about 12 μm to about 14 μm.
11. Dough made from wheat flour and water, said dough comprising a leavening agent and the dry calcium additive of claim 1 .
12. The dough of claim 11 wherein the pH of the dough, including the dry calcium additive, is below 7.
13. The dough of claim 12 wherein the pH of the dough, including the dry calcium additive, is from about 3.0 to about 6.0.
14. The dough of claim 13 wherein the pH of the dough, including the dry calcium additive, is from about 4.0 to about 5.8.
15. The dough of claim 14 wherein the pH of the dough, including the dry calcium additive, is from about 5.0 to about 5.4.