Thermoforming process for producing class “A” finish, high gloss automotive exterior parts
A thermoforming methodology for laminated thermoplastic sheets which preserves the class “A” finish and high gloss thereof. A thermoformer has a vacuum box component which includes a mold, and a pressure box component which is selectively sealable in relation to the vacuum box component. A heated laminated thermoplastic sheet is placed in the thermoformer, the class “A” side thereof facing away from the mold, and the thermoformer sealed. Vacuum is applied to the vacuum box component and simultaneously air pressure is applied to the pressure box component, including application of chilled compressed air, resulting in forming of the sheet on the mold and controlled cooling of the sheet which preserves its class “A” finish and high gloss.
1. A method of thermoforming a laminated thermoplastic sheet, comprising the steps of:
a) heating the laminated thermoplastic sheet, wherein the laminated thermoplastic sheet has a first side and an opposite second side, wherein the first side comprises a class “A” paint film having an initial gloss;
b) placing the heated laminated thermoplastic sheet into a thermoformer, wherein the thermoformer has a mold surface and wherein the second side of the laminated thermoplastic film faces toward the mold surface;
c) cooling the mold surface;
d) applying vacuum to the thermoformer, wherein the vacuum acts suckingly upon the second side of the laminated thermoplastic sheet; and
e) applying chilled compressed air having a temperature less than 70 degrees F. to the thermoformer during the step d), wherein the chilled compressed air acts pressurably upon the first side of the laminated thermoplastic sheet;
wherein the vacuum and the chilled compressed air act on the laminated thermoplastic sheet to cause the laminated thermoplastic sheet to conform to a shape of the mold surface; and
wherein the chilled compressed air causes the laminated thermoplastic sheet to cool at a rate which preserves the initial gloss of the class “A” paint film.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vacuum is substantially between 10 and 22 inches of mercury.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chilled compressed air is at a temperature of substantially between 32 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vacuum is applied for substantially between 5 and 60 seconds, and wherein the chilled pressurized air is applied for substantially between 5 and 40 seconds.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step a) provides the first side of the laminated thermoplastic sheet with a temperature of substantially between 280 and 350 degrees F.; and wherein during the steps c), d) and e), the laminated thermoplastic film cools to a temperature of 190 degrees F. in between 15 and 30 seconds.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the vacuum is substantially between 10 and 22 inches of mercury;
the chilled compressed air is at a temperature of substantially between 32 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit;
the vacuum is applied for substantially between 5 and 60 seconds;
the compressed air is applied for less than substantially 12 seconds; and
the chilled compressed air is applied for substantially between 5 and 40 seconds.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the step a) provides the first side of the laminated thermoplastic sheet with an initial temperature of substantially between 280 and 350 degrees F.; and wherein during the steps c), d) and e), the laminated thermoplastic film cools to a temperature of 190 degrees F. in between 15 and 30 seconds.
8. A method of thermoforming a laminated thermoplastic sheet, comprising the steps of:
a) heating the laminated thermoplastic sheet, wherein the laminated thermoplastic sheet has a first side and an opposite second side, wherein the first side comprises a class “A” paint film having an initial gloss;
b) placing the heated laminated thermoplastic sheet into a thermoformer, wherein the thermoformer has a mold surface and wherein the second side of the laminated thermoplastic film faces toward the mold surface;
c) cooling the mold surface;
d) applying vacuum to the thermoformer, wherein the vacuum acts suckingly upon the second side of the laminated thermoplastic sheet;
e) applying compressed air to the thermoformer substantially simultaneously with the step d), wherein the compressed air acts pressurably upon the first side of the laminated thermoplastic sheet; and
f) applying chilled compressed air having a temperature less than 70 degrees F. to the thermoformer after the step e) and during the step d), wherein the chilled compressed air acts pressurably upon the first side of the laminated thermoplastic sheet;
wherein the vacuum, the compressed air and the chilled compressed air act on the laminated thermoplastic sheet to cause the laminated thermoplastic sheet to conform to a shape of the mold surface; and
wherein the chilled compressed air causes the laminated thermoplastic sheet to cool at a rate which preserves the initial gloss of the class “A” paint film.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the vacuum is substantially between 10 and 22 inches of mercury.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the chilled compressed air is at a temperature of substantially between 32 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the vacuum is applied for substantially between 5 and 60 seconds, and wherein the pressurized air is applied for less than substantially 12 seconds, and wherein the chilled compressed air is applied for substantially between 5 and 40 seconds.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the compressed air comprises the chilled compressed air.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the step a) provides the first side of the laminated thermoplastic sheet with an initial temperature of substantially between 280 and 350 degrees F.; and wherein during the steps c) through f), the laminated thermoplastic film cools to a temperature of 190 degrees F. in between 15 and 30 seconds.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein:
the vacuum is substantially between 10 and 22 inches of mercury;
the chilled compressed air is at a temperature of substantially between 32 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit;
the vacuum is applied for substantially between 5 and 60 seconds;
the compressed air is applied for less than substantially 12 seconds; and
the chilled compressed air is applied for substantially between 5 and 40 seconds.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the compressed air comprises the chilled compressed air.