Multi-zone voltage fuel cell
The present invention is directed to an electrochemical fuel cell. The configuration of the fuel cell stack provides a multiple-legged current flow path therethrough. Electrically isolated zones are formed in the cells and one coupled in a serial manner. This configuration provides incremental voltage summing such that additional power converting element are not needed to match the stack output to the load.
1. A fuel cell providing incremental voltage summation within the fuel cell comprising:
a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with a first reactant face and a second reactant face;
a first separator plate, including a non-conductive substrate, having a first face adjacent said first reactant face with a first electrode pad formed across a first region of said first face with a first reactant gas flow field formed therein, and a second electrode pad formed across a second region of said first face with a second reactant gas flow field formed therein, wherein said first electrode pad is spaced apart from and electrically isolated from said second electrode pad by said non-conductive substrate;
a second separator plate, including a non-conductive substrate, having a second face adjacent said second reactant face with a third electrode pad formed across a third region of said second face with a third reactant gas flow field formed therein, and a fourth electrode pad formed across a fourth region of said second face with a fourth reactant gas flow field formed therein, wherein said third electrode pad is spaced apart from and electrically coupled to said fourth electrode pad; and
a third face formed on said first separator plate with a fifth electrode pad formed across a fifth region of said third face opposite said first region with a fifth reactant gas flow field formed therein and a sixth electrode pad formed across a sixth region of said third face opposite said second region with a sixth reactant gas flow field formed therein,
wherein said first electrode pad is electrically coupled to said fifth electrode pad by a conductor extending through said first separator plate, said second electrode pad is spaced apart from and electrically isolated from said sixth electrode pad, and said fifth electrode pad is spaced apart from and electrically isolated from said sixth electrode pad by said non-conductive substrate,
wherein a multiple-legged current flow path is established in the fuel cell through each of said electrode pads defined directly in said first and said second separator plates, including a first leg from said fifth electrode pad through said conductor to said first electrode pad such that the current flow path is established through an outer perimeter of the first substrate, said first leg continuing through said MEA to said third electrode pad and a second leg from said fourth electrode pad through said MEA to said second electrode pad.
2. The fuel cell of claim 1 further comprising:
a first diffusion medium interposed between said first reactant face and said first face at said first region;
a second diffusion medium interposed between said first reactant face and said first face at said second region, said second diffusion medium being spaced apart and sealed from said first diffusion medium;
a third diffusion medium interposed between said second reactant face and said second face at said third region; and
a fourth diffusion medium interposed between said second reactant face and said second face at said first region, said fourth diffusion medium being spaced apart and sealed from said third diffusion medium.
3. The fuel cell of claim 2 further comprising:
a seventh electrode pad formed across a seventh region of said first face with a seventh reactant gas flow field formed therein, wherein said seventh electrode pad is spaced apart from and electrically coupled to said second electrode pad; and
an eighth electrode pad formed across an eighth region of said second face with an eighth reactant gas flow field formed therein, wherein said eighth electrode pad is spaced apart from and electrically isolated from said fourth electrode pad; and
wherein said multiple-legged current flow path further includes a third leg from said seventh electrode pad through said MEA to said eighth electrode pad.
4. The fuel cell of claim 3 further comprising:
a fifth diffusion medium interposed between said first reactant face and said first face at said seventh region, said fifth diffusion medium being spaced apart and sealed from said second diffusion medium; and
a sixth diffusion medium interposed between said second reactant face and said second face at said eighth region, said sixth diffusion medium being spaced apart and sealed from said fourth diffusion medium.
5. The fuel cell of claim 1 further comprising:
a fourth face formed on said second separator plate with a seventh electrode pad formed across a seventh region of said fourth face opposite said third region with a seventh reactant gas flow field formed therein and an eighth electrode pad formed across an eighth region of said fourth face opposite said fourth region with an eighth reactant gas flow field formed therein;
wherein said third electrode pad is electrically isolated from said seventh electrode pad, said fourth electrode pad is electrically isolated from said eighth electrode pad, and said seventh electrode pad is electrically coupled to said eighth electrode pad.
6. The fuel cell of claim 1 wherein said first separator plate further comprises a first coolant flow field formed therethrough.
7. The fuel cell of claim 6 wherein said second separator plate further comprises a second coolant flow field formed therethrough.
8. The fuel cell of claim 6 wherein said first coolant flow field comprises:
a first coolant flow field region formed in said first separator plate adjacent said first region; and
a second coolant flow field region formed in said first separator plate adjacent said second region.
9. The fuel cell of claim 8 said second separator plate further comprises:
a third coolant flow field region formed in said second separator plate adjacent said third region; and
a fourth flow field region formed in said second separator plate adjacent said fourth region.