Method of operating a fuel cell power plant
View Patent ↗A fuel cell system extracts water from the effluent of a fuel cell for supply to other components of the fuel cell system that require water. A preferred embodiment is a fuel cell system, for the production of electricity from hydrogen gas and an oxidant, comprising: (a) a fuel cell comprising an anode input for a hydrogen-containing anode supply stream, a cathode input for an oxidant-containing cathode supply stream, and a cathode output for cathode effluent comprising water produced by said fuel cell; and (b) a water transfer device, connected to said fuel cell, that transfers water from said cathode effluent to said anode supply stream.
1. A method of operating a fuel cell power plant comprising a reactor for the production of a reformate supply stream using a reactant stream comprising a reactor oxidant stream and a reactor hydrocarbon fuel stream, wherein said reformate supply stream comprises water; and a fuel cell comprising an anode input for said reformate supply stream, a cathode input for a cathode oxidant supply stream, an anode output for an anode effluent stream, a cathode output for an cathode effluent stream, wherein either or both of said anode effluent stream and said cathode effluent stream comprise water produced by said fuel cell; said method comprising:
(a) transferring water from said reformate supply stream to one or both of said reactant streams in a first water transfer device that has a high pressure side and a low pressure side, by transporting said one or both of said reactant streams through said low pressure side, and by transporting said reformate supply stream through said high pressure side; and
(b) transferring water from one or both of said effluent streams to one or more of said reactor oxidant stream, said reformate supply stream, and said cathode oxidant supply stream in a second water transfer device that has a high pressure side and a low pressure side, by transporting said one or more of said reactor oxidant stream, said reformate supply stream, and said cathode oxidant supply stream through said low pressure side, and by transporting one or both of said effluent streams through said high pressure side.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of said water transfer devices comprises a membrane which comprises poly acid.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second water transfer device transfers water from said cathode effluent to said air supply stream.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said second water transfer device is further connected to said first water transfer device, and transfers water to the reactor oxidant stream.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said reactant stream is said reactor oxidant stream comprising air.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said air is at a temperature less than about 50° C.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said air is at about ambient temperature.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said reactor comprises an autothermal reactor.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said reactor additionally comprises a water-gas shift reactor and a preferential oxidation reactor, and wherein said autothermal reactor produces reformate which is supplied, in series, to said water-gas shift reactor and to said preferential oxidation reactor, and wherein said first water transfer device transfers water from said reformate stream after said reformate exits said water-gas shift reactor and before said reformate enters said preferential oxidation reactor.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein said reactor additionally comprises a water-gas shift reactor and a preferential oxidation reactor, and wherein said autothermal reactor produces reformate which is supplied, in series, to said water-gas shift reactor and to said preferential oxidation reactor, and wherein said first water transfer device transfers water from said reformate stream after said reformate exits said preferential oxidation reactor.
11. The method of claim 1 , additionally comprising an air moving device connected to said cathode input, wherein said air supply stream flows through said air moving device before entering said cathode input, and wherein said second water transfer device is connected to the input of said compressor and transfers water to said air supply stream prior to the entry of said stream into said air moving device.