Hydrogen generation material
The dispersion of metal-element containing additives with hydrogen storage particles of the family of hydrogen-rich materials, M′ x M″ y N z H d as specified herein, markedly lowers the temperature at which hydrogen is removed from the particles. For example, the dispersion of additives containing one or more of iron, nickel, palladium, or platinum with particles of Li 50 B 17 N 33 H 133 provides a composition from which hydrogen is readily removed by heating. Use of these metals as their chloride salts makes particularly effective hydrogen release additives.
1. A hydrogen storage composition comprising:
particles of one or more compositions of the formula M′ x M″ y N z H d and a metal additive or a metal-containing additive dispersed with the particles for enhancing the thermal release of hydrogen from M′ x M″ y N z H d , wherein M′ x M″ y N z H d
(a) M′ is a cation selected from the group consisting of: Li, Ca, Na, Mg, K, Be, and mixtures thereof and x is in the range from about 50 to about 53;
(b) M″ comprises a cation composition comprising a Group 13 element of the Periodic Table and y is in the range from about 5 to about 34;
(c) N is nitrogen and z is in the range from about 16 to about 45;
(d) H is hydrogen, and in a fully hydrogenated state of the hydrogen storage composition, d is in the range from about 110 to about 177; and
(e) wherein M′, M″, x, y, z, and d are selected so as to maintain electroneutrality.
2. A hydrogen storage composition as recited in claim 1 in which the metal or metal-containing additive for dispersion contains one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, palladium, and platinum.
3. A hydrogen storage composition as recited in claim 1 in which the metal or metal-containing additive for dispersion contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, palladium, and platinum, the metal constituent of the additive being included in an amount up to about twenty-five weight percent of the particles of M′ x M″H y N z H d .
4. A hydrogen storage composition as recited in claim 1 in which the metal or metal-containing additive for dispersion contains one or more metal chlorides selected from the group consisting of iron(II) chloride, nickel(II) chloride, palladium(II) chloride, and platinum(II) chloride.
5. A hydrogen storage composition as recited in claim 1 in which the metal or metal-containing additive for dispersion contains one or more metal chlorides selected from the group consisting of iron(II) chloride, nickel(II) chloride, palladium(II) chloride, and platinum(II) chloride, the metal constituent(s) of the additive being included in an amount up to about twenty-five weight percent of the particles of M′ x M″ y N z H d .
6. A hydrogen storage composition as recited in claim 1 in which the metal-containing additive comprises nanometer size particles of platinum carried on carbon particles.
7. A hydrogen storage material comprising particles of Li 50 B 17 N 33 H 133 average composition and a metal additive or a metal-containing additive dispersed with the particles for reducing the T 1/2 of the release of hydrogen from Li 50 B 17 N 33 H 133 .
8. A hydrogen storage composition as recited in claim 7 in which the metal or metal-containing additive for dispersion contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, palladium, and platinum.
9. A hydrogen storage composition as recited in claim 7 in which the metal or metal-containing additive for dispersion contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, palladium, and platinum, the metal constituent of the additive being included in an amount up to about twenty-five weight percent of the particles of Li 50 B 17 N 33 H 133 .
10. A hydrogen storage composition as recited in claim 7 in which the metal-containing additive for dispersion contains one or more metal chlorides selected from the group consisting of iron(II) chloride, nickel(II) chloride, palladium(II) chloride, and platinum(II) chloride.
11. A hydrogen storage composition as recited in claim 7 in which the metal additive for dispersion contains one or more metal chlorides selected from the group consisting of iron(II) chloride, nickel(II) chloride, palladium(II) chloride, and platinum(II) chloride, the metal constituent(s) of the additive being included in an amount up to about twenty-five weight percent of the particles of Li 50 B 17 N 33 H 133 .
12. A hydrogen storage composition as recited in claim 7 in which the metal-containing additive comprises nanometer size particles of platinum carried on carbon particles.
13. A method of making a hydrogen storage composition for enhanced release of hydrogen, the method comprising:
mixing LiNH 2 and LiBH 4 with a metal additive or a metal-containing additive to form particles comprising Li x B y N z H d with dispersed additive, the additive reducing T 1/2 of the release of hydrogen from the particles of Li x B y N z H d , wherein Li x B y N z H d
(a) x is in the range from about 50 to about 53;
(b) y is in the range from about 5 to about 34;
(c) z is in the range from about 16 to about 45;
(d) d is in the range from about 110 to about 177; and
(e) wherein Li, B, x, y, z, and d are selected so as to maintain electroneutrality.
14. A method of making a hydrogen storage composition as recited in claim 13 in which the metal or metal-containing additive for dispersion contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, palladium, and platinum.
15. A method of making a hydrogen storage material as recited in claim 13 comprising mixing LiNH 2 and LiBH 4 with a metal additive or a metal-containing additive to form particles of Li 50 B 17 N 33 H 133 average composition with dispersed additive, the additive reducing T 1/2 of the release of hydrogen from the particles of Li 50 B 17 N 33 H 133 .
16. A method of making a hydrogen storage material as recited in claim 15 in which the metal or metal-containing additive for dispersion contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, palladium, and platinum.
17. A method of making a hydrogen storage composition as recited in claim 15 in which the metal or metal-containing additive for dispersion contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of iron, nickel, palladium, and platinum, the metal constituent of the additive being included in an amount up to about twenty-five weight percent of the particles of Li 50 B 17 N 33 H 133 .
18. A method of making a hydrogen storage composition as recited in claim 15 in which the metal or metal-containing additive for dispersion contains one or more chlorides selected from the group consisting of iron(II) chloride, nickel(II) chloride, palladium(II) chloride, and platinum(II) chloride.
19. A method of making a hydrogen storage composition as recited in claim 15 in which the metal or metal-containing additive for dispersion contains one or more chlorides selected from the group consisting of iron(II) chloride, nickel(II) chloride, palladium(II) chloride, and platinum(II) chloride, the metal constituent(s) of the additive being included in an amount up to about twenty-five weight percent of the particles of Li 50 B 17 N 33 H 133 .
20. A method of making a hydrogen storage composition as recited in claim 15 in which the metal-containing additive comprises nanometer size particles of platinum carried on carbon particles.