Apparatus and method for sheet material forming
The present invention relates to a heating and forming apparatus for sheet material and method for rapid heating and shaping of sheet material. The apparatus comprises a first and second respectively movable forming dies, with the first forming die having a forming surface and defining a cavity with the second forming die. The apparatus is adaptable to receive a sheet material positionable within the cavity. A heating mechanism is placed within the cavity to heat the sheet material. The forming surface of the first forming die is not substantially heated. A pressurization mechanism is in communication with the cavity to move the sheet material into conformity with the forming surface of the first die. An improvement in the process of stretch forming a sheet material into a product by using quick plastic forming (QPF) or superplastic forming (SPF) is provided.
1. A heating and forming apparatus for sheet material, said apparatus comprising:
first and second respectively movable forming dies;
said first forming die having a forming surface and at least partially defining a cavity with said second forming die, said cavity being adapted to receive a sheet material therein;
a heating mechanism within said cavity for heating said sheet material;
a pressurization mechanism in communication with said cavity, for applying pressure to move said sheet material into conformity with said forming surface of said first forming die;
an induction coil assembly energizable within said cavity and positioned proximate to said sheet material for selectively inductively heating said sheet material; and
wherein said inductive heating of said sheet material assists said pressurization mechanism in forming said sheet material into conformity with said forming surface, through generation of electromagnetic force.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said forming surface of said first forming die is not heated.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said forming surface of said first forming die is heated to a low temperature, from about 21 degree C. up to 300 degree C.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 ,
wherein at least one portion of said sheet material upon contacting said forming surface cools sufficiently to resist further conformation of said at least one portion with said forming surface of said first forming die; and
wherein said heating mechanism continues heating other portions of said sheet material not in contact with said forming surface, so that said other portions may continue to conform with said forming surface.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said pressurization mechanism comprises:
a fluid pressurization port in communication with said cavity, for applying fluid pressure to the second side of said sheet material to move said sheet material into conformity with said forming surface of said first die.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein said fluid is gas.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said sheet material is metallic.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein said sheet material is aluminum.
9. A heating and forming apparatus for sheet material, the apparatus comprising:
first and second respectively movable forming dies;
said first forming die having a forming surface and at least partially defining a cavity with said second forming die, said cavity being adapted to receive a sheet material therein;
a heating mechanism within said cavity for heating said sheet material;
a pressurization mechanism in communication with said cavity, for applying pressure to move said sheet material into conformity with said forming surface of said first forming die;
an induction coil assembly energizable within said cavity and positioned proximate to said sheet material;
wherein said induction coil assembly is suitable for conducting an alternating electrical current to create a fluctuating magnetic field for selectively inductively heating said sheet material within said magnetic field; and
wherein said induction coil assembly is sufficiently translatable in at least two variable dimensions relative to said sheet material, so as to uniformly heat said sheet material at a sufficient temperature to continue the movement of said sheet material into said conformity with said forming surface.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 :
wherein said induction coil assembly is sufficiently horizontally movable relative to said sheet material, so as to permit said uniform heating of said sheet material; and
wherein said induction coil assembly is sufficiently vertically movable relative to said sheet material, so as to heat portions of said sheet material where needed.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein said induction coil assembly comprises:
a polygonal block of non-conductive refractory material, defining planar and side surfaces;
a first induction coil embedded on said planar surface in said polygonal block of non-conductive refractory material; and
a second induction coil embedded on said side surfaces of said polygonal block of non-conductive refractory material.
12. A heating and forming apparatus for sheet material, the apparatus comprising:
first and second respectively movable forming dies;
said first forming die having a forming surface and at least partially defining a cavity with said second forming die, said cavity being adapted to receive a sheet material therein;
a heating mechanism within said cavity for heating said sheet material; and
a pressurization mechanism in communication with said cavity, for applying pressure to move said sheet material into conformity with said forming surface of said first forming die;
a first removable sliding element in communication with said first and second respectively movable forming dies; and
a second removable sliding element in communication with said first and second respectively movable forming dies, wherein said first removable sliding element and said second removable sliding element are moveable out of the way to permit removal of formed sheet material within said cavity.