Method for reducing cure shrinkage of a thermoset resin
A method for reducing cure shrinkage of a thermoset resin includes forming a plurality of surface modified nanofibers. The surface modified nanofibers are formed by soaking nanofibers in an oxidizing acidic solvent. An oxidizing agent is added to the soaking nanofibers, thereby generating heat sufficient for at least one of in-situ oxidation and in-situ exfoliation of a subsurface of each of the nanofibers. Excess oxidizing agent and acidic solvent are removed from the nanofibers, which are then dried. The dried nanofibers have reduced surface hydrophobicity. The surface modified nanofibers are substantially uniformly dispersed into the thermoset resin. The surface modified nanofibers are adapted to reduce cure shrinkage of the thermoset resin during subsequent curing processes.
1. A method for reducing cure shrinkage of a thermoset resin, the method comprising:
forming a plurality of surface modified nanofibers, the plurality of surface modified nanofibers being formed by:
soaking a plurality of nanofibers in an oxidizing acidic solvent;
adding an oxidizing agent to the soaking nanofibers, thereby generating heat sufficient for at least one of in-situ oxidation and in-situ exfoliation of a subsurface of each of the plurality of nanofibers;
removing excess oxidizing agent and oxidizing acidic solvent from the plurality of nanofibers; and
drying the plurality of nanofibers, thereby forming the plurality of surface
modified nanofibers having reduced surface hydrophobicity; and
substantially uniformly dispersing the plurality of surface modified nanofibers into the thermoset resin, the plurality of surface modified nanofibers adapted to reduce cure shrinkage of the thermoset resin during subsequent curing processes.
2. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the oxidizing agent is a transition metal in an oxidation state greater than about 3 valence states.
3. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the oxidizing agent is at least one of peroxides, superoxides of transition metals, superoxides of non-transition metals, polyanions, polyoxometalates, and combinations thereof.
4. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein soaking the plurality of nanofibers in the oxidizing acidic solvent is accomplished for a time ranging between about 1 minute and about 60 minutes.
5. The method as defined in claim 1 , further comprising mixing the plurality of nanofibers with a surfactant solution prior to drying the plurality of nanofibers.
6. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein prior to soaking the plurality of nanofibers in the oxidizing acidic solvent and adding the oxidizing agent, the plurality of nanofibers is soaked in water.
7. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein removing excess oxidizing agent and oxidizing acidic solvent is accomplished by rinsing the soaking plurality of nanofibers having the oxidizing agent therein with water.
8. The method as defined in claim 1 wherein the plurality of nanofibers is carbon nanofibers.
9. The method as defined in claim 1 , further comprising mixing the surface modified nanofibers in an interface polymer prior to substantially uniformly mixing the surface modified nanofibers in the thermoset resin.
10. A thermoset polymer, comprising:
a polymer matrix;
a plurality of surface modified nanofibers substantially uniformly dispersed throughout the polymer matrix, the plurality of surface modified nanofibers i) having an altered polarity resulting from an in-situ oxidation process involving an oxidizing acidic solvent and an oxidizing agent, and ii) adapted to substantially reduce the cure shrinkage of the thermoset polymer during curing processes; and
an interface polymer mixed throughout the polymer matrix, the interface polymer being compatible with the polymer matrix and the surface modified nanofibers.
11. The thermoset polymer as defined in claim 10 wherein the polymer matrix is an epoxy resin.