RF power amplification and distribution systems, plasma ignition systems, and methods of operation therefor
An embodiment of a plasma ignition system for an internal combustion engine having up to N cylinders includes a power splitter, N phase shifters, N amplifiers, a power combiner network, and up to N radiation devices. The power splitter divides an input RF signal into N divided RF signals. Each phase shifter applies one of multiple pre-determined phase shifts to one of the N divided RF signals to produce N phase shifted RF signals. The N amplifiers amplify the N phase shifted RF signals to produce N amplified, phase shifted RF signals. The power combiner network combines the N amplified, phase shifted RF signals to produce N output RF signals. Each of the radiation devices receives one of the N output RF signals, and produces a plasma discharge when a power level of the output RF signal is sufficiently high.
1. A system comprising:
N amplifiers, wherein N is greater than one, and wherein each amplifier of the N amplifiers is configured to receive one of N phase shifted radio frequency (RF) signals, and the N amplifiers are further configured to amplify the N phase shifted RF signals to produce N amplified, phase shifted RF signals;
a power combiner network having N input ports and N output ports, wherein each of the N input ports is coupled to an output of one of the N amplifiers, and wherein the power combiner network is configured to combine the N amplified, phase shifted RF signals to produce N output RF signals at the N output ports, wherein relative power levels of the N output RF signals are dependent upon phase differences between the N amplified, phase shifted RF signals, and wherein the power combiner network is configured to produce, at any given time, one output RF signal having a relatively high power level at one of the N output ports and to produce N−1 output RF signals having relatively low power levels at a remaining N−1 output ports; and
up to N radiation devices coupled to the N output ports of the power combiner network, wherein each of the radiation devices is coupled to one of up to N cylinders of an internal combustion engine, and wherein each of the radiation devices is configured to receive an output RF signal of the N output RF signals, and each of the radiation devices is configured to produce a plasma discharge in the cylinder to which the radiation device is coupled when the radiation device receives an output RF signal with the relatively high power level.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
N phase shifters coupled to inputs of the N amplifiers, wherein each phase shifter is configured to receive one of N input RF signals, and the N phase shifters are further configured to apply pre-determined phase shifts to the N input RF signals in order to produce the N phase shifted RF signals.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the power combiner network is configured, when one of multiple sets of pre-determined phase differences exists between the N amplified, phase shifted RF signals, to combine the N amplified, phase shifted RF signals to produce the one output RF signal having the relatively high power level at the one of the N output ports and to produce the N−1 output RF signals having the relatively low power levels at the remaining N−1 output ports.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the relatively high power level is greater than 40 dBm, and the relatively low power levels are less than 40 dBm.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein N equals four, the amplifiers produce first, second third, and fourth amplified, phase shifted signals, and the power combiner network comprises:
first, second, third, and fourth input ports configured to receive the first, second, third, and fourth amplified, phase shifted signals, respectively;
first, second, third, and fourth output ports configured to output first, second, third, and fourth output RF signals, respectively;
a first combiner having first and second inputs and first and second outputs, wherein the first and second inputs are coupled to the first and second input ports, and wherein the first combiner is configured to combine the first and second amplified, phase shifted RF signals to produce first and second intermediate RF signals at the first and second outputs;
a second combiner having third and fourth inputs and third and fourth outputs, wherein the third and fourth inputs are coupled to the third and fourth input ports, and wherein the second combiner is configured to combine the third and fourth amplified, phase shifted RF signals to produce third and fourth intermediate RF signals at the third and fourth outputs;
a third combiner having fifth and sixth inputs and fifth and sixth outputs, wherein the fifth input is coupled to the first output of the first combiner, and the sixth input is coupled to the third output of the second combiner, wherein the third combiner is configured to combine the first and third intermediate RF signals to produce the first and second output RF signals at the fifth and sixth outputs, and wherein the fifth and sixth outputs are coupled to the first and second output ports, respectively; and
a fourth combiner having seventh and eighth inputs and seventh and eighth outputs, wherein the seventh input is coupled to the second output of the first combiner, and the eighth input is coupled to the fourth output of the second combiner, wherein the fourth combiner is configured to combine the second and fourth intermediate RF signals to produce the third and fourth output RF signals at the seventh and eighth outputs, and wherein the seventh and eighth outputs are coupled to the third and fourth output ports, respectively.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the first, second, third, and fourth combiners are 90 degree combiners.
7. The system of claim 5 , wherein the first, second, third, and fourth combiners are 180 degree combiners.
8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a power splitter having an input and N outputs, wherein the power splitter is configured to divide an input RF signal received on the input into N divided RF signals, and to provide the N divided RF signals on the N outputs; and
N phase shifters coupled between the N outputs of the power splitter and N inputs of the N amplifiers, wherein each phase shifter is configured to receive one of the N divided RF signals, and the N phase shifters are further configured to apply pre-determined phase shifts to the N divided RF signals in order to produce the N phase shifted RF signals.
9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a module that includes an interface and N phase shifters coupled to inputs of the N amplifiers, wherein each phase shifter is configured to receive one of N input RF signals, and the N phase shifters are further configured to apply pre-determined phase shifts to the N input RF signals in order to produce the N phase shifted RF signals;
the internal combustion engine; and
a control unit configured to send a control signal to the interface of the module, wherein the control signal causes the pre-determined phase shifts to be changed in a pre-determined sequence that results in production of the plasma discharge in each cylinder during a power stroke of the cylinder.
10. A plasma ignition system for an internal combustion engine having up to N cylinders, the plasma ignition system comprising:
a power splitter having an input and N outputs, wherein the power splitter is configured to divide an input radio frequency (RF) signal received on the input into N divided RF signals, and to provide the N divided RF signals on the N outputs;
N phase shifters, each having an input and an output, wherein each input is coupled to one of the N outputs of the power splitter, and wherein each phase shifter is configured to receive one of the N divided RF signals and to apply one of multiple pre-determined phase shifts to the N divided RF signals in order to produce N phase shifted RF signals;
N amplifiers coupled to the N phase shifters, wherein the N amplifiers are configured to receive the N phase shifted RF signals, and the N amplifiers are further configured to amplify the N phase shifted RF signals to produce N amplified, phase shifted RF signals;
a power combiner network having N input ports and N output ports, wherein each of the N input ports is coupled to an output of one of the N amplifiers, and wherein the power combiner network is configured to combine the N amplified, phase shifted RF signals to produce N output RF signals at the N output ports, wherein relative power levels of the N output RF signals are dependent upon phase differences between the N amplified, phase shifted RF signals; and
up to N radiation devices, wherein each of the radiation devices is coupled to one of the N output ports of the power combiner network, wherein each of the radiation devices is configured to receive an output RF signal of the N output RF signals, and wherein each of the radiation devices is configured to produce a plasma discharge when a power level of the output RF signal is sufficiently high.
11. The plasma ignition system of claim 10 , further comprising:
an RF signal generator configured to produce an RF signal that includes periodic pulses of RF power; and
a pre-amplifier coupled between the RF signal generator and the power splitter, wherein the pre-amplifier is configured to amplify the RF signal from the RF signal generator in order to produce the input RF signal.
12. The plasma ignition system of claim 10 , further comprising:
a control unit configured to cause the multiple pre-determined phase shifts to be changed in a pre-determined sequence that results in production of the plasma discharge by each of the radiation devices.
13. A method comprising:
applying pre-determined phase shifts to N input radio frequency (RF) signals in order to produce N phase shifted RF signals, wherein N is greater than one;
amplifying the phase shifted RF signals to produce N amplified, phase shifted RF signals;
combining the N amplified, phase shifted RF signals to produce N output RF signals at N output ports, wherein relative power levels of the N output RF signals are dependent upon phase differences between the N amplified, phase shifted RF signals, and wherein, at any given time, only one output RF signal is produced with a relatively high power level at one of the N output ports, and N−1 output RF signals are produced with a relatively low power level at a remaining N−1 output ports;
providing the output RF signals to up to N radiation devices that are coupled to up to N cylinders of an internal combustion engine; and
producing, by each of the radiation devices, a plasma discharge in the cylinder to which the radiation device is coupled when the radiation device receives an output RF signal with the relatively high power level.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein combining comprises:
combining the N amplified, phase shifted RF signals using a network of 90 degree combiners, wherein each 90 degree combiner of the network includes first and second inputs and first and second outputs, and when each 90 degree combiner receives first and second amplified, phase shifted RF signals that are substantially 90 degrees out of phase with each other, each 90 degree combiner produces, at one of the first and second outputs, a first RF signal with the relatively high power level, and also produces, at another one of the first and second outputs, a second RF signal with the relatively low power level.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein combining comprises:
combining the N amplified, phase shifted RF signals using a network of 180 degree combiners, wherein each 180 degree combiner of the network includes first and second inputs and first and second outputs, and when each 180 degree combiner receives first and second amplified, phase shifted RF signals that are substantially in phase with each other, each 180 degree combiner produces, at the first output, a first RF signal with the relatively high power level, and also produces, at the second output, a second RF signal with the relatively low power level, and when each 180 degree combiner receives the first and second amplified, phase shifted RF signals that are substantially 180 degrees out of phase with each other, each 180 degree combiner produces, at the second output, the first RF signal with the relatively high power level, and also produces, at the first output, the second RF signal with the relatively low power level.
16. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
determining a next cylinder of the cylinders that is to perform a power stroke;
determining a next set of the pre-determined phase shifts that will result in production of the one output RF signal having the relatively high power level and production of the N−1 output RF signals having the relatively low power level; and
controlling N phase shifters to apply the next set of the pre-determined phase shifts to the input RF signals during the applying step.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein controlling comprises:
sending a control signal to a module that includes the phase shifters, wherein the control signal indicates the next set of the pre-determined phase shifts; and
adjusting the phase shifters based on the control signal.
18. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:
dividing a first RF signal into the N input RF signals.