Electrical fuse with high off resistance
Electrical fuses and methods for forming an electrical fuse. A semiconductor substrate is implanted to define a modified region in the semiconductor substrate. Trenches that surround the modified region and that penetrate into the semiconductor substrate to a depth greater than a depth of the modified region are formed in the modified region so as to define a fuse link of the electrical fuse. The substrate is removed from beneath the fuse link with a selective etching process that removes the semiconductor substrate with a first etch rate that is higher than a second etch rate of the modified region.
1. A method of forming an electrical fuse, the method comprising:
implanting a semiconductor substrate over a first depth to define a modified region in the semiconductor substrate;
forming a plurality of trenches that penetrate through the modified region and into the semiconductor substrate to a second depth greater than the first depth of the modified region so as to define a fuse link of the electrical fuse; and
removing the semiconductor substrate from beneath the fuse link with a selective etching process that removes the semiconductor substrate with a first etch rate that is higher than a second etch rate of the modified region.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
siliciding the fuse link such that silicide comprises at least one-half of a thickness of the fuse link.
3. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
fully siliciding the fuse link.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the modified region includes a concentration of a dopant that reduces the second etch rate relative to the first etch rate.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the modified region further includes implantation damage that reduces the second etch rate relative to the first etch rate.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the modified region includes implantation damage that reduces the second etch rate relative to the first etch rate.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein a plurality of trench isolation regions border the modified region, and removing the semiconductor substrate from beneath the fuse link comprises:
defining a cavity underlying the fuse link by wet chemical etching that removes the substrate selective to the trench isolation regions and to the modified region.
8. The method of claim 7 further comprising:
depositing a dielectric layer in the trenches and in the cavity.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the dielectric layer includes a void beneath the fuse link.
10. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
siliciding the fuse link such that silicide comprises at least one-half of a thickness of the fuse link.
11. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
fully siliciding the fuse link.
12. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
forming a plurality of metal features in a plurality of wiring levels overlying the fuse link,
wherein the metal features are arranged in the wiring levels to introduce directional stress into the fuse link.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein a first arrangement of the metal features in one of the wiring levels differ from a second arrangement of the metal features in another of the wiring levels in a direction parallel to a length of the fuse link.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein a cavity is defined beneath the fuse link when the semiconductor substrate is removed from beneath the fuse link, the fuse link defines a beam that is supported at a first end by a first region of the substrate defining an anode of the electrical fuse and at a second end by a second region of the substrate defining a cathode of the electrical fuse, and the fuse link is suspended above the cavity.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein forming the trenches that penetrate through the modified region and into the semiconductor substrate to the second depth greater than the first depth of the modified region so as to define the fuse link of the electrical fuse comprises:
forming a mask patterned with openings; and
etching the semiconductor substrate with the selective etching process at respective locations of the openings to form the trenches.
16. The method of claim 15 wherein the fuse link defines a beam that is supported at a first end by a first region of the substrate defining an anode of the electrical fuse and at a second end by a second region of the substrate defining a cathode of the electrical fuse, and the anode and the cathode are masked by the mask when the trenches are formed.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the semiconductor substrate underlying the modified region is accessed via the trenches during the selective etching process removing the semiconductor substrate from beneath the fuse link.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the fuse link defines a beam that is supported at a first end by a first region of the substrate defining an anode of the electrical fuse and at a second end by a second region of the substrate defining a cathode of the electrical fuse.