Method of making a nitrided gate dielectric
View Patent ↗A gate dielectric is treated with a nitridation step and an anneal. After this, an additional nitridation step and anneal is performed. The second nitridation and anneal results in an improvement in the relationship between gate leakage current density and current drive of the transistors that are ultimately formed.
1. A method for forming a gate dielectric, comprising:
forming a dielectric layer overlying a substrate;
performing a first nitridation step by exposing the dielectric layer to plasma nitridation to form a plasma nitrided dielectric layer;
forming an oxide layer at an interface between the substrate and the plasma nitrided dielectric layer by annealing, in the presence of oxygen, the nitrided dielectric layer to displace a portion of nitrogen from the interface thereby forming an atomically smoother interface;
performing a second nitridation step by exposing the plasma nitrided dielectric layer to plasma nitridation to add more nitrogen to the plasma nitrided dielectric layer; and
after the second nitridation step, annealing the plasma nitrided dielectric in the presence of oxygen layer to treat the interface between the substrate and the plasma nitrided dielectric layer by further smoothing the interface and thereby form the gate dielectric so that the interface is substantially nitrogen free;
wherein the gate dielectric is formed without a deposition after the step of forming the dielectric layer.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
forming the dielectric layer as one of silicon dioxide, a metal oxide, a metal silicate, a metal aluminate, or a combination of a predetermined metal or a combination of multiple metals and one of an oxide, a silicate, a lanthanate, or an aluminate.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
forming the metal oxide as hafnium oxide.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein forming the oxide layer further comprises:
forming the oxide layer at the interface between the substrate and the plasma nitrided dielectric layer by annealing the gate nitrided dielectric at a temperature within a range of substantially five hundred degrees to twelve hundred degrees.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein forming the oxide layer further comprises:
annealing the gate nitrided dielectric in an inert ambient at a temperature within a range of substantially five hundred degrees to twelve hundred degrees; and
placing the gate nitrided dielectric in an oxygen ambient to form the oxide layer at the interface between the substrate and the plasma nitrided dielectric layer.
6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
forming the dielectric layer by growing the dielectric layer over the substrate.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
repeating the following steps a predetermined number of times from one to one hundred:
(1) performing the first nitridation step; and
(2) annealing in the presence of oxygen.
8. A method for forming a gate nitrided dielectric, comprising:
(a) forming a dielectric layer overlying a substrate and creating an oxide layer at an interface between the substrate and the dielectric layer;
(b) exposing the dielectric layer to a plasma nitridation to form a plasma nitrided dielectric layer;
(c) annealing the plasma nitrided dielectric layer at a predetermined temperature in the presence of oxygen; and
(d) repeating steps (b) and (c) a predetermined number of times from one to one hundred to form a gate dielectric that has an interface with the substrate that is substantially nitrogen free.
9. A method for forming a transistor in and on a semiconductor, comprising:
(a) forming a gate dielectric layer overlying a substrate, wherein the substrate comprises the semiconductor;
(b) exposing the gate dielectric layer to a nitrogen ambient to form nitrogen in the gate dielectric layer and thereby form a nitrided gate dielectric layer; and
(c) annealing the nitrided gate dielectric layer in the presence of oxygen; and
repeating steps (b) and (c) a predetermined number of times to result in an interface between the nitrided gate dielectric layer and the substrate being substantially nitrogen free;
forming a gate electrode overlying the nitrided gate dielectric layer that has a substantially nitrogen free interface with the substrate; and
forming first and second current electrodes adjacent the gate electrode to provide a the transistor in and on the semiconductor.
10. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
forming the gate dielectric layer as one of silicon dioxide, a metal oxide, a metal silicate, a metal aluminate or a combination of a predetermined metal or a combination of multiple metals and one of an oxide, a silicate, lanthanate, or an aluminate.
11. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
forming the gate dielectric layer by forming hafnium oxide by deposition by one of ALD, MOCVD and PVD.