Coolant-based regenerative energy recovery system
An apparatus for the recovery of energy from regenerative braking events in a vehicle is provided. A braking system is configured to selectively transmit energy from a wheel to the compressor of a heat pump/refrigerant loop. The apparatus may store recovered energy in the heat capacity of a coolant fluid to assist powertrain heating or cooling.
1. A vehicle characterized by regenerative braking comprising:
a ground wheel;
an energy conversion system;
a first fluid circuit containing a first fluid, a compressor configured to pressurize the first fluid, and a first heat exchanger in fluid communication with the compressor;
a second fluid circuit containing a second fluid, the second fluid circuit providing fluid communication between the energy conversion system and the first heat exchanger;
said first heat exchanger being configured such that the first fluid and the second fluid are in heat transfer relationship therein; and
a braking system configured to selectively transmit energy from the wheel to the compressor, and wherein the compressor is configured to use the energy to pressurize the first fluid; and
wherein the second fluid circuit further includes a passage in parallel with the first heat exchanger and a valve that is operative to selectively direct the second fluid to the first heat exchanger or to the passageway; and
wherein the vehicle defines a passenger space, and wherein the vehicle further comprises a fan configured to direct air into thermal communication with said first heat exchanger and into the passenger space.
2. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the first fluid circuit includes a second heat exchanger, and wherein the first fluid circuit further includes an expansion valve in series between said first and second heat exchangers.
3. The vehicle of claim 2 , further comprising a controller operatively connected to the first fluid circuit and configured to cause the first fluid to flow in a first direction through the first fluid circuit so that the first heat exchanger is an evaporator in response to the existence of a first condition, and configured to cause the first fluid to flow in a second direction through the first fluid circuit so that the first heat exchanger is a condenser in response to the existence of a second condition.