Hexacyanoferrate battery electrode modified with ferrocyanides or ferricyanides
A transition metal hexacyanoferrate (TMHCF) battery electrode is provided with a Fe(CN) 6 additive. The electrode is made from A x M y Fe z (CN) n .mH 2 O particles overlying a current collector, where the A cations are either alkali and alkaline-earth cations such as sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), or magnesium (Mg), and M is a transition metal. A Fe(CN) 6 additive modifies the A x M y Fe z (CN) n .mH 2 O particles. The Fe(CN) 6 additive may be ferrocyanide ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− ) or ferricyanide ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 3− ). Also provided are a related TMHCF battery with Fe(CN) 6 additive, TMHCF fabrication process, and TMHCF battery fabrication process.
1. A transition metal hexacyanoferrate (TMHCF) battery electrode with a Fe(CN) 6 additive, the electrode comprising:
a metal current collector;
A x M y Fe z (CN) n .mH 2 O particles overlying the current collector;
where A cations are selected from a group consisting of alkali and alkaline-earth cations;
where M is a transition metal;
where x is in a range of 0 to 2;
where y is in a range of 0 to 2;
where z is in a range of 0.1 to 2;
where n is in a range of 1 to 6;
where m is in a range of 0 to 7; and,
a Fe(CN) 6 additive modifying the A x M y Fe z (CN) n .mH 2 O particles.
2. The TMHCF battery electrode of claim 1 wherein the Fe(CN) 6 additive is selected from a group consisting of ferrocyanide ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− ) and ferricyanide ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 3− ).
3. The TMHCF battery electrode of claim 1 wherein the A cations are selected from a group consisting of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg).
4. A transition metal hexacyanoferrate (TMHCF) battery with a Fe(CN) 6 additive, the battery comprising:
a cathode comprising:
a metal current collector;
A x M y Fe z (CN) n .mH 2 O particles overlying the current collector;
where A cations are selected from a group consisting of alkali and alkaline-earth cations;
where M is a transition metal;
where x is in a range of 0 to 2;
where y is in a range of 0 to 2;
where z is in a range of 0.1 to 2;
where n is in a range of 1 to 6;
where m is in a range of 0 to 7;
an anode selected from a group consisting of an A′ metal, an A′ metal containing composite, and a material that can host A′ atoms, where A′ cations are selected from a group consisting of alkali and alkaline-earth cations;
an electrolyte; and,
a Fe(CN) 6 additive modifying the A x M y Fe z (CN) n .mH 2 O particles in the cathode.
5. The TMHCF battery of claim 4 wherein the Fe(CN) 6 additive is selected from a group consisting of ferrocyanide ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− ) and ferricyanide ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 3− ).
6. The TMHCF battery of claim 4 wherein the electrolyte is an organic solvent containing an ingredient selected from a group consisting of A-atom salts, A′-atom salts, and a combination of the above-mentioned salts.
7. The TMHCF battery of claim 4 wherein A is selected from a group consisting of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg); and,
wherein A′ is selected from a group consisting of Na, K, Ca, and Mg.
8. The TMHCF battery of claim 4 wherein the Fe(CN) 6 is added to a battery component selected from a group consisting of the cathode, the anode, and electrolyte, and combinations of the above-mentioned components.
9. A method for synthesizing a transition metal hexacyanoferrate (TMHCF) battery electrode with a Fe(CN) 6 additive, the method comprising:
synthesizing a A x M y Fe z (CN) n .mH 2 O powder;
where A cations are selected from a group consisting of alkali and alkaline-earth cations;
where M is a transition metal;
where x is in a range of 0 to 2;
where y is in a range of 0 to 2;
where z is in a range of 0.1 to 2;
where n is in a range of 1 to 6;
where m is in a range of 0 to 7;
mixing the A x M y Fe z (CN) n .mH 2 O powder with a conducting carbon and an organic binder in an organic solution, creating a mixture;
adding Fe(CN) 6 to the mixture, forming a modified mixture; and,
forming the modified mixture with Fe(CN) 6 on a metal current collector, creating an electrode.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein synthesizing the A x M y Fe z (CN) n .mH 2 O powder includes A being selected from a group consisting of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg).
11. The method of claim 9 wherein adding the Fe(CN) 6 includes adding a material selected from a group consisting of ferrocyanide ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− ) and ferricyanide ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 3− ).
12. A method for fabricating a transition metal hexacyanoferrate (TMHCF) battery with a Fe(CN) 6 additive, the method comprising:
providing a battery comprising:
a cathode with A x M y Fe z (CN) n .mH 2 O particles overlying a current collector;
an anode selected from a group consisting of an A′ metal, an A′ metal containing composite, and a material that can host A′ atoms;
an electrolyte;
adding a Fe(CN) 6 additive to a component selected from a group consisting of the cathode, the anode, and the electrolyte; and,
forming a TMHCF battery with Fe(CN) 6 additive.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the Fe(CN) 6 additive is selected from a group consisting of ferrocyanide ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 4− ) and ferricyanide ([Fe(CN) 6 ] 3− ).
14. The method of claim 12 wherein providing the battery includes:
A cations being selected from a group consisting of alkali and alkaline-earth cations;
M being a transition metal;
x being in a range of 0 to 2;
y being in a range of 0 to 2;
z being in a range of 0.1 to 2;
n being in a range of 1 to 6;
m being in a range of 0 to 7; and,
A′ cations being selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline-earth cations.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein providing the battery includes A being selected from a group consisting of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg); and,
wherein A′ is selected from a group consisting of Na, K, Ca, and Mg.
16. The method of claim 12 wherein providing the battery includes the electrolyte being an organic solvent containing an ingredient selected from a group consisting of A-atom salts, A′-atom salts, and a combination of the above-mentioned salts.
17. The method of claim 12 wherein adding the Fe(CN) 6 additive includes:
adding Fe(CN) 6 to the electrolyte; and,
performing a charge/discharge cycle.