Non-volatile floating gate memory cells
A storage transistor for non-volatile memory can be fabricated to create controlled sharp polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) edges. The edges concentrate the electric field in the storage transistor and are used to enhance tunneling between layers of polysilicon for both program and erase operations. The storage transistor includes first and second polysilicon layers and a tunneling dielectric layer between the first and second polysilicon layers, and the second polysilicon layer includes at least a first edge extending towards the first polysilicon layer.
1. A storage transistor comprising:
a substrate;
a first polysilicon layer over the substrate;
an oxide layer disposed on top of the first polysilicon layer;
a tunneling dielectric layer disposed on the first polysilicon layer and the oxide layer, wherein the oxide layer is between the first polysilicon layer and the tunneling dielectric layer; and
a second polysilicon layer disposed on the tunneling dielectric layer, wherein the second polysilicon layer comprises at least a first edge extending into the tunneling dielectric layer towards the first polysilicon layer or filling a first space surrounded by the first polysilicon layer.
2. The storage transistor of claim 1 , wherein the first edge comprises a portion of polysilicon having two sides tapering to an intersection at an angle of 89 degrees or fewer.
3. The storage transistor of claim 1 , wherein the first polysilicon layer comprises at least a second edge extending towards the second polysilicon layer or filling a second space surrounded by the second polysilicon layer.
4. The storage transistor of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a P-type substrate.
5. The storage transistor of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises:
a deep N-type well region formed on a P-type substrate;
a P-type well layer formed inside and isolated by the deep N-type well region; and
a gate oxide layer formed on the P-type well layer, wherein the first polysilicon layer is disposed on the gate oxide layer.
6. The storage transistor of claim 1 , wherein the oxide layer has a bird's beak shape formed by local oxidation on top of the first polysilicon layer.
7. The storage transistor of claim 1 , comprising an n-type light doped drain (NLdd) layer and N+ source and drain implants.
8. The storage transistor of claim 1 , comprising:
a salicide layer disposed on the second polysilicon layer;
an interlayer dielectric layer disposed on the salicide; and
a contact adjacent to the salicide layer and the interlayer dielectric layer.
9. The storage transistor of claim 1 , wherein the tunneling dielectric layer is 10-20 nm thick.
10. The storage transistor of claim 1 , wherein the first polysilicon layer is 60-150 nm thick and the second polysilicon layer is 80-300 nm thick.
11. The storage transistor of claim 1 , wherein the first polysilicon layer comprises at least a second edge, and wherein the first edge is formed based on the second edge and a shape of the oxide layer.
12. A storage transistor comprising:
a substrate;
a first polysilicon layer over the substrate;
an oxide layer disposed on top of the first polysilicon layer;
a tunneling dielectric layer disposed on the first polysilicon layer and the oxide layer, wherein the oxide layer is between the first polysilicon layer and the tunneling dielectric layer; and
a second polysilicon layer disposed on the tunneling dielectric layer, wherein the second polysilicon layer comprises at least a first protrusion extending towards the first polysilicon layer.
13. The storage transistor of claim 12 , wherein the first protrusion comprises a portion of polysilicon having two sides tapering to an intersection at an angle of 89 degrees or fewer.
14. The storage transistor of claim 12 , wherein the first polysilicon layer comprises at least a second protrusion extending towards the second polysilicon layer.
15. The storage transistor of claim 12 , wherein the substrate comprises:
a deep N-type well region formed on a P-type substrate;
a P-type well layer formed inside and isolated by the deep N-type well region; and
a gate oxide layer formed on the P-type well layer, wherein the first polysilicon layer is disposed on the gate oxide layer.
16. The storage transistor of claim 12 , wherein the tunneling dielectric layer is 10-20 nm thick.
17. A method for producing a storage transistor, the method comprising:
forming a first polysilicon layer over a substrate;
forming an oxide layer on top of the first polysilicon layer;
forming a tunneling layer disposed on the first polysilicon layer and the oxide layer, wherein the oxide layer is between the first polysilicon layer and the tunneling layer; and
forming a second polysilicon layer disposed on the second polysilicon layer, wherein the second polysilicon layer comprises at least a first protrusion extending towards the first polysilicon layer.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:
removing portions of the first polysilicon layer that are not beneath the oxide layer using a dry polysilicon etch; and
exposing at least an edge in the first polysilicon layer using a wet oxide etch.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the edge includes a portion of polysilicon having two sides tapering to an intersection at an angle of 89 degrees or fewer.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the oxide layer has a bird's beak shape formed by local oxidation on top of the first polysilicon layer, and
wherein the first protrusion is formed based on a shape of the edge of the first polysilicon layer and the bird's beak shape of the oxide layer.