Techniques for fractional-N phase locked loops
Embodiments describe techniques for utilizing fractional-N phase locked loops (PLL). Some embodiments describe a fractional-divider based fractional-N PLL for a spread spectrum clock (SSC) generator that utilizes phase average techniques to suppress phase interpolator nonlinearity. Some embodiments describe a fractional-N PLL based on fractional dividers with hybrid finite impulse response (FIR) filtering. Some embodiments describe a small size and low power divider for a hybrid FIR fractional-N PLL.
1. A phase locked loop (PLL) circuit that generates a spread spectrum clock (SSC), comprising:
a plurality of fractional dividers each comprising a multi-modulus divider (MMD) and a plurality of phase interpolators (PIs), wherein the MMD to receive an output from a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and generate a plurality of divided clock signals, and wherein the plurality of PIs to receive the divided clock signals from the MMD and output the respective fractional divider output signals; and
a digital block including a sigma delta modulator, wherein the sigma delta modulator is to output an integer value used to generate a first control signal to control the divide ratio of the MMD for each of the plurality of fractional dividers to a same value, and to output a fractional value used to generate a second control signal to select the phases of the plurality of the PIs of each of the plurality of fractional dividers so that the average phase of each of the fractional divider output signals matches a desired phase step.
2. The PLL circuit of claim 1 , wherein the number of PIs in each of the fractional dividers equals a denominator of the desired phase step.
3. The PLL circuit of claim 1 , wherein the number of PIs in each of the fractional dividers is less than a denominator of the desired phase step.
4. The PLL circuit of claim 1 , wherein the signal delta modulator of the digital block comprises a (MASH1-1) sigma-delta modulator.
5. The PLL circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a charge pump and loop filter, coupled between the phase-frequency detector and the VCO, to filter the up/down pulses from the phase-frequency detector and provides an output signal to control the VCO.
6. A phase locked loop (PLL) circuit that generates a spread spectrum clock (SSC), comprising:
a plurality of fractional dividers each comprising a multi-modulus divider (MMD) and a plurality of phase interpolators (PIs), wherein the MMD to receive an output from a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and generate a plurality of divided clock signals, and wherein the plurality of PIs to receive the divided clock signals from the MMD and output the respective fractional divider output signals; and
a digital block including a sigma delta modulator, wherein the sigma delta modulator is to output an integer value used to generate a first control signal to control the divide ratio of the MMD for each of the plurality of fractional dividers according to a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) pattern to suppress nonlinear behavior of FIR filters of the plurality of PIs.
7. The PLL circuit of claim 6 , wherein the MMD of each of the plurality of factional dividers comprises a single MMD shared between the plurality of PIs.
8. The PLL circuit of claim 6 , wherein an initial phase pattern for the plurality of fractional dividers is selected to suppress nonlinear behavior of the FIR filters of the plurality of PIs.
9. The PLL circuit of claim 6 , wherein the signal delta modulator of the digital block comprises a (MASH1-1) sigma-delta modulator.
10. The PLL circuit of claim 6 , further comprising:
a phase-frequency detector; and
a charge pump and loop filter, coupled between the phase-frequency detector and the VCO, to filter the up/down pulses from the phase-frequency detector and provides an output signal to control the VCO.
11. A Finite Impulse Response (FIR) fractional divider for a phase locked look (PLL) circuit comprising:
a sigma-delta modulator to output a modulated reference signal:
a plurality of digital flip-flops to receive the output of the sigma-delta modulator and to generate delayed outputs including a reference delayed output;
a plurality of multi-modulus dividers (MMDs), each corresponding to one of the plurality of digital flip-flops, to generate a plurality of divided signals, each corresponding to a respective delayed output;
a multiplexer to output one of the plurality of divided signals; and
control logic for controlling a selection of the multiplexer output based, at least in part, on a difference between a selected delayed output and the reference delayed output.
12. The FIR divider of claim 11 , further comprising:
a divider ratio accumulator for controlling the section of the multiplexer output.
13. The FIR factional divider of claim 11 , wherein the signal delta modulator comprises a (MASH1-1) sigma-delta modulator.
14. The FIR fractional divider of claim 13 , wherein the input of the MASH1-1 sigma-delta modulator is constant.