Methods for making robust replacement metal gates and multi-threshold devices in a soft mask integration scheme
A method of fabricating advanced multi-threshold field effect transistors using a replacement metal gate process. A first method includes thinning layers composed of multilayer film stacks and incorporating a portion of the remaining thinned film in some transistors. A second method includes patterning dopant materials for a high-k dielectric by using thinning layers composed of multilayer thin film stacks, or in other embodiments, by a single thinning layer.
1. A method of fabricating FETs of the same type having different threshold voltages by incorporating a thinned stack in a replacement metal gate process, the method comprising:
(a) forming a first opening in a dielectric layer overlying a first FET region of a substrate and forming a second opening in a dielectric layer overlying a second FET region of the substrate;
(b) forming a high-k layer lining both the first and second openings;
(c) forming a thinning stack in the second opening of the second FET region, the thinning stack including a first bottom layer, a second middle layer, and third top layer, wherein the second middle layer has a composition different from the first bottom layer and the third top layer and the second middle layer is positioned between and in contact with the first bottom layer and the third top layer, and wherein the first bottom layer includes titanium nitride (TiN);
(d) removing a portion of the thinning stack to leave a thinned remaining portion of the thinning stack in the second opening of the second FET region, including removing the third top layer such that the thinned remaining portion of the thinning stack in the second opening of the second FET region includes at least the first bottom layer;
(e) forming a threshold voltage metal which is in contact with the high-k layer in the first opening and in contact with the thinned remaining portion of the thinning stack in the second opening;
(f) forming a first work function metal stack in the first and second openings of the first FET and second FET regions; and
(g) filling the first and second openings with a fill material,
wherein the first and second FET regions have the same high-k layer, the same threshold voltage metal, the same work function metal stack and the same fill material but have different threshold voltages.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the thinned remaining portion of the thinning stack includes titanium nitride having a thickness from about 15 to about 25 angstroms.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the threshold voltage metal comprises titanium nitride having a thickness from about 10 to about 100 angstroms.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the first and second FET regions include N-FETs.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second middle layer includes a lanthanum-containing (La-containing) material.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein removing of a portion of the thinning stack includes etching the third top layer with a first solution to which the La-containing material of the second middle layer is resistant when on the TiN.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the third top layer includes TiN.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein (d) removing the portion of the thinning stack to leave the thinned remaining portion of the stack over the second FET region further comprises: exposing the thinning stack to a solution comprising about a 50:1.5 aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein (d) removing the portion of the thinning stack to leave the thinned remaining portion of the stack over the second FET region further comprises: removing the portion of the thinning stack at a removal rate of about 5-10 angstroms per minute.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein (c) forming the thinning stack over the second FET region further comprises: forming the thinning stack over the first and second FET regions of the substrate; forming a soft mask lithography stack including an optical planarization layer; exposing and developing the soft mask lithography stack; and patterning the optical planarization layer to remove the optical planarization over the first FET region while the thinning stack protects the high-k layer in the first opening.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein (d) removing the portion of the thinning stack to leave the thinned remaining portion of the stack over the second FET region further comprises:
lithographically patterning the thinning stack so that it is removed from a first FET region but remains on a second FET region; and
after the lithographic patterning, removing a portion of the stack in the second FET region to leave the thinned remaining portion of the stack over the second FET region.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein (d) removing the portion of the thinning stack to leave the thinned remaining portion of the stack over the second FET region further includes:
(d) removing a portion of the thinning stack to leave a thinned remaining portion of the thinning stack on the sidewalls of the second FET region.
13. A method of fabricating FETs of the same type having different threshold voltages by incorporating a thinned stack in a replacement metal gate process, the method comprising:
(a) forming a first opening in a dielectric layer overlying a first FET region of a substrate and forming a second opening in a dielectric layer overlying a second FET region of the substrate;
(b) forming a high-k layer lining both the first and second openings;
(c) forming a thinning stack in the second opening of the second FET region, the thinning stack including a first bottom layer, a second middle layer, and third top layer, wherein the second middle layer has a composition different from the first bottom layer and the third top layer and the second middle layer is positioned between and in contact with the first bottom layer and the third top layer, and wherein the first bottom layer includes titanium nitride (TiN);
(d) removing a portion of the thinning stack at a removal rate of about 5-10 angstroms per minute to leave a thinned remaining portion of the thinning stack on the bottom and sidewalls of the second opening of the second FET region, including removing the third top layer such that the thinned remaining portion of the thinning stack in the second opening of the second FET region includes at least the first bottom layer, and wherein the thinned remaining portion of the thinning stack includes titanium nitride having a thickness from about 15 to about 25 angstroms;
(e) forming a threshold voltage metal which is in contact with the high-k layer in the first opening and in contact with the thinned remaining portion of the thinning stack in the second opening;
(f) forming a first work function metal stack in the first and second openings of the first FET and second FET regions; and
(g) filling the first and second openings with a fill material,
wherein the first and second FET regions have the same high-k layer, the same threshold voltage metal, the same work function metal stack and the same fill material but have different threshold voltages.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first and second FET regions include N-FETs.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein (d) removing the portion of the thinning stack to leave the thinned remaining portion of the stack over the second FET region further comprises: exposing the thinning stack to a solution comprising about a 50:1.5 aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein (c) forming the thinning stack over the second FET region further comprises: forming the thinning stack over the first and second FET regions of the substrate; forming a soft mask lithography stack including an optical planarization layer; exposing and developing the soft mask lithography stack; and patterning the optical planarization layer to remove the optical planarization over the first FET region while the thinning stack protects the high-k layer in the first opening.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein (d) removing the portion of the thinning stack to leave the thinned remaining portion of the stack over the second FET region further comprises:
lithographically patterning the thinning stack so that it is removed from a first FET region but remains on a second FET region; and
after the lithographic patterning, removing a portion of the stack in the second FET region to leave the thinned remaining portion of the stack over the second FET region.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the second middle layer includes a lanthanum-containing (La-containing) material.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein removing of a portion of the thinning stack includes etching the third top layer with a first solution to which the La-containing material of the second middle layer is resistant when on the TiN.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the third top layer includes TiN.