Micro assembled LED displays and lighting elements
The disclosed technology provides micro-assembled micro-LED displays and lighting elements using arrays of micro-LEDs that are too small (e.g., micro-LEDs with a width or diameter of 10 μm to 50 μm), numerous, or fragile to assemble by conventional means. The disclosed technology provides for micro-LED displays and lighting elements assembled using micro-transfer printing technology. The micro-LEDs can be prepared on a native substrate and printed to a display substrate (e.g., plastic, metal, glass, or other materials), thereby obviating the manufacture of the micro-LEDs on the display substrate. In certain embodiments, the display substrate is transparent and/or flexible.
1. An inorganic light-emitting diode comprising:
a conduction layer having a top surface, a bottom surface, a first conduction layer edge, and a second conduction layer edge;
an inorganic light-emitting layer disposed directly on and in contact with a portion of the top surface of the conduction layer, the inorganic light-emitting layer having a first light-emitting layer edge and a second light-emitting layer edge, wherein the conduction layer comprises a cantilever extension that extends beyond the second light-emitting layer edge to the second conduction layer edge;
a first metal terminal comprising a metal disposed directly on and in contact with a portion of the inorganic light-emitting layer and extending over and covering the first light-emitting layer edge and the first conduction layer edge;
a second metal terminal comprising the metal disposed directly on and in contact with a top surface of the cantilever extension of the conduction layer and extending directly over and covering the second conduction layer edge and covering at least a portion of the light-emitting layer,
wherein the first metal terminal and the second metal terminal are reflective and a current supplied between the first metal terminal and the second metal terminal causes the inorganic light-emitting layer to emit light such that the inorganic light-emitting diode emits a majority of externally emitted light away from the first metal terminal and the second metal terminal; and
a patterned dielectric layer disposed directly on and in contact with the inorganic light-emitting layer and the conduction layer, wherein:
the patterned dielectric layer electrically isolates (i) the first metal terminal from the second metal terminal, (ii) the inorganic light-emitting layer from the second metal terminal and (iii) the first metal terminal from the conduction layer,
the first metal terminal and the second metal terminal cover only a portion of the light-emitting layer and the conduction layer,
the first metal terminal and the second metal terminal are separated by a horizontal separation distance of from 1 μm to 10 μm, the first metal terminal and the second metal terminal together have a combined length greater than the horizontal separation distance,
the inorganic light-emitting diode has a width from 1 μm to 10 μm,
the inorganic light-emitting diode has a length greater than twice the horizontal separation distance,
the length is greater than the width,
the length is measured in a same direction as the horizontal distance,
the width is measured in a direction perpendicular to and in a same plane as the length, and
the length is greater than the horizontal distance and spans the first metal terminal and the second metal terminal.
2. The inorganic light-emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic light-emitting diode has a height of from 0.5 to 10 μm.
3. The inorganic light-emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein a surface of the first metal terminal and a surface of the second metal terminal share a plane.
4. The inorganic light-emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the conduction layer comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a semiconductor substantially transparent to the light emitted from the light-emitting diode, transparent conductive oxide, and thin metal mesh.
5. The inorganic light-emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the first metal is a member selected from the group consisting of: aluminum, silver, gold, nickel, platinum, titanium, and alloys thereof.
6. An inorganic light-emitting diode display comprising a plurality of inorganic light-emitting diodes according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of inorganic light-emitting diodes are disposed on a substrate with the conduction layer adjacent to the substrate, and the first metal terminal and the second metal terminal of each of the plurality of inorganic light-emitting diodes are respectively electrically connected to a respective first interconnection and a respective second interconnection disposed on the substrate.
7. The inorganic light-emitting diode display of claim 6 , wherein the substrate is a display substrate having a thickness from 5 to 10 microns, 10 to 50 microns, 50 to 100 microns, 100 to 200 microns, 200 to 500 microns, 500 microns to 0.5 mm, 0.5 to 1 mm, 1 mm to 5 mm, 5 mm to 10 mm, or 10 mm to 20 mm.
8. The inorganic light-emitting diode display of claim 6 , wherein a resolution of the display is 120×90, 1440×1080, 1920×1080, 1280×720, 3840×2160, 7680×4320, or 15360×8640.
9. The inorganic light-emitting diode display of claim 8 , comprising a plurality of optical reflection structures, wherein an optical reflection structure of the plurality of optical refection structures is located on a same side of a corresponding light emitting diode of the plurality of light emitting diodes as the first metal terminal.
10. The inorganic light-emitting diode display of claim 6 , wherein the first interconnection and the second interconnection of each inorganic light-emitting diode of the plurality of light-emitting diodes are in a single metal layer.
11. The inorganic light-emitting diode display of claim 6 , comprising an insulator disposed over or under the first interconnection or second interconnection of each inorganic light-emitting diode of the plurality of light-emitting diodes and wherein the first interconnection of each inorganic light-emitting diode of the plurality of light-emitting diodes is electrically coupled to one column electrode of a plurality of column electrodes through a via of a plurality of vias in the insulator, each via associated with a light-emitting diode of the plurality of light-emitting diodes.
12. The inorganic light-emitting diode display of claim 6 , wherein the first interconnection and the second interconnection of each inorganic light-emitting diode of the plurality of light-emitting diodes have an interconnection width and are spaced apart by a distance greater than the interconnection width and a distance greater than the horizontal distance.
13. The inorganic light-emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the length of the inorganic light-emitting diode is greater than or equal to two times its width.
14. The inorganic light-emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic light-emitting layer comprises a single material composition.
15. The inorganic light-emitting diode of claim 1 , wherein the patterned dielectric layer electrically isolates the first metal terminal from the first light-emitting layer edge of the inorganic light-emitting layer over which the first metal terminal extends.