Sign detection in multi-dimensional signal measurements
Systems, methods, circuits and computer-readable mediums are disclosed for sign detection in multi-dimensional signal measurements. In some implementations, orthogonally oriented antennas are configured to generate signals in response to a magnetic field, where the signals correspond to components of magnetic field vectors in space. A circuit is coupled to the antennas and configured to: determine polarities of the signals based on phase measurements between the signals; reduce a possible number of magnetic field vector interpretations based on the determined polarities of the signals; reduce a possible number of angles or angle differences between the magnetic field vectors based on the reduced possible number of magnetic field vector interpretations; compare the reduced possible number of angles or angle differences to predetermined angle or angle differences; and detect a relay attack based on results of the comparing.
1. A system comprising:
an interface operable to obtain signals from antennas, where the signals correspond to components of vectors in space;
one or more signal processors coupled to the interface and configured to:
determine polarities of the signals based on phase measurements between the signals;
reduce a possible number of vector interpretations based on the determined polarities of the signals;
reduce a possible number of angles or angle differences between the vectors based on the reduced possible number of vector interpretations; and
compare the reduced possible number of angles or angle differences to predetermined angle or angle differences.
2. The system of claim 1 , where comparing the polarities of the signals includes comparing the signals with threshold values.
3. The system of claim 2 , where the threshold values are a percentage of maximum values of the signals.
4. The system of claim 1 , where the interface comprises:
one or more signal amplifiers configured to amplify the signals;
one or more analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) coupled to the signal amplifiers and configured to convert the amplified signals to digital values; and
the one or more signal processors coupled to the one or more ADCs and configured for determining the polarities of the signals based on the digital values.
5. The system of claim 3 , further comprising:
one or more signal amplifiers configured to amplify the signals;
comparators having inputs coupled to outputs of the signal amplifiers and the threshold voltages, the comparators configured for indicating when the signals exceed the threshold values; and
logic configured to compare comparator outputs to determine the polarities of the signals.
6. The system of claim 1 , where one or more ratios between the components of one or more vectors are determined based on the reduced possible number of vector interpretations; and the one or more actions related to the system are performed based on comparison of the ratios with expected ratios.
7. The system of claim 6 , where the ratios are determined for same vector component for two different vectors.
8. The system of claim 6 , where the ratios are determined for different vector components for two different vectors.
9. The system of claim 1 , where the circuit is included in a key or key fob of a passive entry, passive start (PEPS) system of a vehicle.
10. The system of claim 1 , where the possible number of vector interpretations is reduced from eight to two.
11. A method comprising:
obtaining, by an interface of a system, signals from antennas coupled to the interface, where the signals correspond to components of vectors in space;
determining, by one or more signal processors of the system, polarities of the signals based on phase measurements between the signals;
reducing, by the one or more signal processors, a possible number of vector interpretations based on the determined polarities of the signals;
reducing, by the one or more signal processors, a possible number of angles or angle differences between the vectors based on the reduced possible number of vector interpretations; and
comparing, by the one or more signal processors, the reduced possible number of angles or angle differences to predetermined angles or angle differences.
12. The method of claim 11 , where comparing the polarities of the signals includes comparing the signals with threshold values.
13. The method of claim 12 , where the threshold values are a percentage of maximum values of the signals.
14. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
amplifying the signals by one or more signal amplifiers coupled to the interface;
converting the amplified signals to digital values by one or more analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) coupled to the signal amplifiers; and
determining, by the one or more signal processors coupled to the one or more ADCs, the polarities of the signals based on the digital values.
15. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
amplifying the signals by one or more signal amplifiers coupled to the interface;
comparing the signals with threshold voltages, by comparators having inputs coupled to outputs of the signal amplifiers and the threshold voltages, to indicate when the signals exceed the threshold values; and
comparing, by logic, comparator outputs to determine polarities of the signals.
16. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
determining one or more ratios between the components of one or more vectors based on the reduced possible number of vector interpretations; and
performing one or more actions related to the system based on comparison of the ratios with expected ratios.
17. The method of claim 16 , where the ratios are determined for same vector component for two different vectors.
18. The method of claim 16 , where the ratios are determined for different vector components for two different vectors.
19. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
obtaining antenna signals that correspond to components of vectors in space;
determining polarities of the signals based on phase measurements between the signals;
reducing a possible number of vector interpretations based on the determined polarities of the signals;
reducing a possible number of angles or angle differences between the vectors based on the reduced possible number of vector interpretations; and
comparing the reduced possible number of angles or angle differences to predetermined angles or angle differences.
20. The non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium of claim 19 , where comparing the signs or polarities of the signals includes comparing the signals with threshold values.