IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,201,821
Granted Patent B2
US 12,201,821 · App. 15/734,353 · Granted Jan 21, 2025

Method for determining a flow rate of a fluid flowing through an implanted vascular support system, and implantable vascular support system

Inventors: Thomas Alexander Schlebusch (Renningen, DE); Tobias Schmid (Stuttgart, DE)
Assignee: KARDION GMBH
A61M60/178A61M60/216A61M60/523A61M60/816A61M2205/3334A61M2210/125
View Patent ↗
Loading inventors, assignments & file history…
Monitor This Case
Get email alerts when status or documents change.
Order Certified Copies
Most orders are placed with the USPTO same day — all within 24 business hours.
Order via The Patent Place →
Pre-filled with this patent's details
Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,201,821
App. No.
15/734,353
Granted
Jan 21, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining a flow rate of a fluid flowing through an implanted vascular assist system ( 1 ), said method comprising the following steps: a) carrying out a first pulsed Doppler measurement at a first pulse repetition rate by means of an ultrasonic sensor ( 2 ) of the assist system ( 1 ); b) carrying out a second pulsed Doppler measurement at a second pulse repetition rate by means of the ultrasonic sensor ( 2 ) of the assist system ( 1 ), wherein the second pulse repetition rate differs from the first pulse repetition rate; c) determining the flow rate using measurement results of the first pulsed Doppler measurement and the second pulsed Doppler measurement.

Claims (224)

1. A method for determining a flow rate v of blood flowing through a cardiac assist system, comprising:

performing a first pulsed Doppler measurement at a first pulse repetition rate PRF 1 using an ultrasonic sensor of the cardiac assist system;

performing a second pulsed Doppler measurement at a second pulse repetition rate PRF 2 using the ultrasonic sensor of the assist system, wherein the second pulse repetition rate PRF 2 is greater than the first pulse repetition rate PRF 1 ; and

determining the flow rate using measurement results of the first pulsed Doppler measurement and the second pulsed Doppler measurement by solving for an integer n 1 , an integer n 2 , and a main component f 1 of the first pulsed Doppler measurement and a main component f 2 of the second pulsed Doppler measurement using a linear Diophantine equation, wherein the linear Diophantine equation comprises:

n 1 ·PRF 1 −n 2 ·PRF 2 =f 2 −f 1

for a boundary condition of:

v

<

a

·

PRF

1

·

c

0

2

⁢

f

0

assuming

−| a|≤n 1 ≤|a | and −| b|≤n 2 ≤|b|,

wherein

a

:

=

P

⁢

R

⁢

F

2

2

·

ggT

⁡

(

PRF

1

,

PR

⁢

F

2

)

⁢

and

⁢

b

:=

P

⁢

R

⁢

F

1

2

·

ggT

⁡

(

PRF

1

,

PR

⁢

F

2

)

,

wherein ggT (PRF 1 , PRF 2 ) comprises the largest common divisor of PRF 1 and PRF 2 ,

and wherein f 0 comprises the ultrasonic transmission frequency of the ultrasonic sensor and c 0 comprises a speed of sound in the blood.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of performing a first pulsed doppler measurement and performing a second pulsed doppler measurement comprises emitting a new ultrasonic pulse using an ultrasonic element only after an echo of an immediately previously emitted ultrasonic pulse has been received by the ultrasonic sensor.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein PRF 1 or PRF 2 is smaller than twice a maximum occurring Doppler shift.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the flow rate comprises using a correlation between a detected main frequency component of the Doppler frequency spectrum of the first pulsed Doppler measurement and the first pulse repetition rate PRF 1 or the second pulsed Doppler measurement and the second pulse repetition rate PRF 2 .

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the flow rate comprises solving the linear Diophantine equation using Bezout coefficients or an exhaustion method.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein an observation window of the ultrasonic sensor is in a range of 25 mm to 55 mm from an ultrasonic element of the ultrasonic sensor.

7. A cardiac assist system comprising:

an ultrasonic sensor configured to perform a first pulsed Doppler measurement at a first pulse repetition rate PRF 1 and a second pulsed Doppler measurement at a second pulse repetition rate PRF 2 , wherein PRF 2 is greater than PRF 1 ; and

a processing unit configured to:

determine a flow rate of a fluid flowing through the cardiac assist system using measurement results of the first pulsed Doppler measurement and the second pulsed Doppler measurement,

wherein determining the flow rate using the measurement results of the first pulsed Doppler measurement and the second pulsed Doppler measurement comprises solving for an integer n 1 , an integer n 2 and a main component f 1 of the first pulsed Doppler measurement and a main component f 2 of the second pulsed Doppler measurement using a linear Diophantine equation comprising:

n 1 ·PRF 1 −n 2 ·PRF 2 =f 2 −f 1

for the boundary condition:

v

<

a

·

PRF

1

·

c

0

2

⁢

f

0

assuming:

−| a|≤n 1 ≤|a | and −| b|≤n 2 ≤|b|,

wherein

a

:=

P

⁢

R

⁢

F

2

2

·

ggT

⁡

(

PRF

1

,

PR

⁢

F

2

)

⁢

and

⁢

b

:=

P

⁢

R

⁢

F

1

2

·

ggT

⁡

(

PRF

1

,

PR

⁢

F

2

)

,

wherein ggT (PRF 1 , PRF 2 ) comprises the largest common divisor of PRF 1 and PRF 2 ,

and wherein f 0 is the ultrasonic transmission frequency of the ultrasonic sensor and c 0 is a speed of sound in the fluid.

8. The cardiac assist system of claim 7 , wherein the processing unit is configured to solve the linear Diophantine equation using Bezout coefficients or an exhaustion method to determine the flow rate.

9. The cardiac assist system of claim 7 , wherein the processing unit is configured to calculate a fluid flow based on the flow rate.

10. The system of claim 7 , wherein the ultrasonic sensor comprises an observation window in a range of 25 mm to 55 mm from an ultrasonic element of the ultrasonic sensor.

11. The system of claim 7 , further comprising a cannula, wherein the ultrasonic sensor is configured to perform the first pulsed Doppler measurement and the second pulsed Doppler measurement within the cannula.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the ultrasonic sensor is integrated into the tip of the cannula.

13. A method for determining a fluid flow through a cardiac assist system comprising:

determining a flow rate v of blood flowing through the cardiac assist system, wherein determining the flow rate v comprises:

performing a first pulsed Doppler measurement at a first pulse repetition rate PRF 1 using an ultrasonic sensor of the cardiac assist system;

performing a second pulsed Doppler measurement at a second pulse repetition rate PRF 2 using the ultrasonic sensor of the assist system, wherein the second pulse repetition rate PRF 2 is greater than the first pulse repetition rate PRF 1 ; and

determining the flow rate using measurement results of the first pulsed Doppler measurement and the second pulsed Doppler measurement by solving for an integer n 1 , an integer n 2 , and a main component f 1 of the first pulsed Doppler measurement and a main component f 2 of the second pulsed Doppler measurement using a linear Diophantine equation, wherein the linear Diophantine equation comprises:

n 1 ·PRF 1 −n 2 ·PRF 2 =f 2 −f 1

for a boundary condition of:

v

<

a

·

PRF

1

·

c

0

2

⁢

f

0

assuming

−| a|≤n 1 ≤|a | and −| b|≤n 2 ≤|b|,

wherein

a

:=

P

⁢

R

⁢

F

2

2

·

ggT

⁡

(

PRF

1

,

PR

⁢

F

2

)

⁢

and

⁢

b

:=

P

⁢

R

⁢

F

1

2

·

ggT

⁡

(

PRF

1

,

PR

⁢

F

2

)

,

wherein ggT (PRF 1 , PRF 2 ) comprises the largest common divisor of PRF 1 and PRF 2 ,

and wherein f 0 comprises the ultrasonic transmission frequency of the ultrasonic sensor and c 0 comprises a speed of sound in the blood; and

determining the fluid flow in the cardiac assist system based on the flow rate v.

Assignments (3)
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jan 21, 2022
From: ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
To: KARDION GMBH
Reel/Frame 058730/0375 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Nov 11, 2021
From: SCHLEBUSCH, THOMAS ALEXANDER; SCHMID, TOBIAS
To: ROBERT BOSCH GMBH
Reel/Frame 058091/0565 →
SECURITY INTEREST Recorded Apr 26, 2021
From: KARDION GMBH
To: EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES HOLDING, INC.
Reel/Frame 056046/0422 →
Priority Claims (1)
DE 102018208929.9 · Jun 6, 2018 · national
Continuity (1)
Related Publication 20210346676A1 · Nov 11, 2021
References Cited (400)
US 3088323A · Welkowitz et al. · 1963 [cited by applicant]
US 4023562A · Hynecek et al. · 1977 [cited by applicant]
US 4559952A · Angelsen et al. · 1985 [cited by applicant]
US 4781525A · Hubbard et al. · 1988 [cited by applicant]
US 4888011A · Kung et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4889131A · Salem et al. · 1989 [cited by applicant]
US 4902272A · Milder et al. · 1990 [cited by applicant]
US 5045051A · Milder et al. · 1991 [cited by applicant]
US 5269811A · Hayes · 1993 [cited by applicant]
US 5289821A · Swartz · 1994 [cited by applicant]
US 5456715A · Liotta · 1995 [cited by applicant]
US 5527159A · Bozeman, Jr. et al. · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5581038A · Lampropoulos · 1996 [cited by applicant]
US 5613935A · Jarvik · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5662115A · Torp · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5676651A · Larson, Jr. et al. · 1997 [cited by applicant]
US 5720771A · Snell · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5752976A · Duffin et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5766207A · Potter et al. · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5827203A · Nita · 1998 [cited by applicant]
US 5888242A · Antaki et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5904708A · Goedeke · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5911685A · Siess et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5964694A · Siess et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 5980465A · Elgas · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6007478A · Siess et al. · 1999 [cited by applicant]
US 6024704A · Meador et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6053873A · Govari et al. · 2000 [cited by applicant]
US 6176822B1 · Nix et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6183412B1 · Benkowsi et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6185460B1 · Thompson · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6190324B1 · Kieval et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6210318B1 · Lederman · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6231498B1 · Pfeiffer et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6245007B1 · Bedingham et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6314322B1 · Rosenberg · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 6351048B1 · Schob et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6398734B1 · Cimochowski et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6432136B1 · Weiss et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6438409B1 · Malik et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 6512949B1 · Combs et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6530876B1 · Spence · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6540658B1 · Fasciano et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6540659B1 · Milbocker · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6561975B1 · Pool et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6579257B1 · Elgas et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6602182B1 · Milbocker · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6605032B2 · Benkowsi et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6652447B2 · Benkowsi et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 6731976B2 · Penn et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 6879126B2 · Paden et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6912423B2 · Ley et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6949066B2 · Bearnson et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 6984201B2 · Khaghani et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7022100B1 · Aboul-Hosn et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7024244B2 · Muhlenberg et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7070555B2 · Siess · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7083588B1 · Shmulewitz et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7138776B1 · Gauthier et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 7160243B2 · Medvedev · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7175588B2 · Morello · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7177681B2 · Xhu · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7238151B2 · Frazier · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 7396327B2 · Morello · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 7513864B2 · Kantrowitz et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7520850B2 · Brockway · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7591777B2 · LaRose · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 7744560B2 · Struble · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7794384B2 · Sugiura et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7819916B2 · Yaegashi · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7850593B2 · Vincent et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7850594B2 · Sutton et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7856335B2 · Morello et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 7862501B2 · Woodward et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7951062B2 · Morello · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7951129B2 · Chinchoy · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7963905B2 · Salmonsen et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 7988728B2 · Ayre · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8075472B2 · Zilbershlag et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 8190390B2 · Morello et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8211028B2 · Karamanoglu et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8303482B2 · Schima et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8323173B2 · Benkowsi et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 8435182B1 · Tamura · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8449444B2 · Poirier · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8545380B2 · Farnan et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8585572B2 · Mehmanesh · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8591393B2 · Walters et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8594790B2 · Kjellstrom et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 8622949B2 · Zafirelis et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8657733B2 · Ayre et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8657875B2 · Kung et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8715151B2 · Poirier · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8747293B2 · Arndt et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8849398B2 · Evans · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8864643B2 · Reichenbach et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8864644B2 · Yomtov · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8876685B2 · Crosby et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8882477B2 · Fritz, IV et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8888728B2 · Aboul-Hosn et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8897873B2 · Schima et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 8903492B2 · Soykan et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 9091271B2 · Bourque · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 9297735B2 · Graichen et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9308305B2 · Chen et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9345824B2 · Mohl et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9371826B2 · Yanai et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9427508B2 · Reyes et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9474840B2 · Siess · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9492601B2 · Casas et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9511179B2 · Casas et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 9555173B2 · Spanier · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9555175B2 · Bulent et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9556873B2 · Yanai et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9566374B2 · Spence et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9636442B2 · Karmon et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9656010B2 · Burke · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9669142B2 · Spanier et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9669144B2 · Spanier et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9694123B2 · Bourque et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9713701B2 · Sarkar et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9744282B2 · Rosenberg et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9833550B2 · Siess · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9848899B2 · Sliwa et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9849224B2 · Angwin et al. · 2017 [cited by applicant]
US 9878087B2 · Richardson et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9943236B2 · Bennett et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9950102B2 · Spence et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9974894B2 · Morello · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 9999714B2 · Spanier et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10010662B2 · Wiesener et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10022480B2 · Greatrex et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10029037B2 · Muller et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10052420B2 · Medvedev et al. · 2018 [cited by applicant]
US 10279093B2 · Reichenbach et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10322217B2 · Spence · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10342906B2 · D'Ambrosio et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10350342B2 · Thomas et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10357598B2 · Aboul-Hosn et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10376162B2 · Edelman et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10413651B2 · Yomtov et al. · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10426879B2 · Farnan · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10449275B2 · Corbett · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10500322B2 · Karch · 2019 [cited by applicant]
US 10525178B2 · Zeng · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10549020B2 · Spence et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10561771B2 · Heilman et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10561772B2 · Schumacher · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10561773B2 · Ferrari et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10632241B2 · Schenck et al. · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10660998B2 · Hodges · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10668195B2 · Flores · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10732583B2 · Rudser · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 10857275B2 · Granegger · 2020 [cited by applicant]
US 11027114B2 · D'Ambrosio et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US RE48649E · Siess · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11067085B2 · Granegger et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11120908B2 · Agnello et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11131968B2 · Rudser · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11147960B2 · Spanier et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11154701B2 · Reyes et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11154702B2 · Kadrolkar et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11185682B2 · Farnan · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11191945B2 · Siess et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11197618B2 · Edelman et al. · 2021 [cited by applicant]
US 11217344B2 · Agnello · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11235139B2 · Kudlik · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11241572B2 · Dague et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11273299B2 · Wolman et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11285310B2 · Curran et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11285311B2 · Siess et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11298524B2 · El Katerji et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11311711B2 · Casas et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11316679B2 · Agnello · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11320382B2 · Aikawa · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11324395B2 · Banik et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11331082B2 · Itoh et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11337724B2 · Masubuchi et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11338125B2 · Liu et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11351356B2 · Mohl · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11351357B2 · Mohl · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11351358B2 · Nix et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11357438B2 · Stewart et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11357968B2 · El Katerji et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11376415B2 · Mohl · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11376419B2 · Reyes et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11389639B2 · Casas · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11389641B2 · Nguyen et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11413444B2 · Nix et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11413445B2 · Brown et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11420041B2 · Karch · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11439806B2 · Kimball et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11446481B2 · Wolman et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11478629B2 · Harjes et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11517740B2 · Agarwa et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11521723B2 · Liu et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11524165B2 · Tan et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11527322B2 · Agnello et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11529062B2 · Moyer et al. · 2022 [cited by applicant]
US 11554260B2 · Reyes et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11572879B2 · Mohl · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11574741B2 · Tan et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11577068B2 · Spence et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11581083B2 · El Katerji et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11583659B2 · Pfeffer et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11587337B2 · Lemay et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11590337B2 · Granegger et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11622695B1 · Adriola et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11628293B2 · Gandhi et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11639722B2 · Medvedev et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11648386B2 · Poirer · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11653841B2 · Reyes et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11666746B2 · Ferrari et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11668321B2 · Richert et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11674517B2 · Mohl · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11676718B2 · Agnello et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11684276B2 · Cros et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11684769B2 · Harjes et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11694539B2 · Kudlik et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11694813B2 · El Katerji et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11696782B2 · Carlson et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11707617B2 · Reyes et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11712167B2 · Medvedev et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11754077B1 · Mohl · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US D1001145S · Lussier et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US D1001146S · Lussier et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11771885B2 · Liu et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11779234B2 · Harjes et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11781551B2 · Yanai et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11790487B2 · Barbato et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11793994B2 · Josephy et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11806116B2 · Tuval et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11806517B2 · Petersen · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11806518B2 · Michelena et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11813079B2 · Lau et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11818782B2 · Doudian et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11824381B2 · Conyers et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11826127B2 · Casas · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11832793B2 · McWeeney et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11832868B2 · Smail et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11837364B2 · Lee et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11844592B2 · Tuval et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11844940B2 · D'Ambrosio et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11850073B2 · Wright et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11850414B2 · Schenck et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US 11850415B2 · Schwammenthal et al. · 2023 [cited by applicant]
US D1012284S · Glaser et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11857345B2 · Hanson et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11864878B2 · Duval et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11872384B2 · Cotter · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11883207B2 · El Katerji et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US D1014552S · Lussier et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11890082B2 · Cros et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11896199B2 · Lent et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11900660B2 · Saito et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11903657B2 · Geric et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11906411B2 · Graichen et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11911550B2 · Itamochi et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US D1017634S · Lussier et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US D1017699S · Moore et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11923078B2 · Fallen et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11923093B2 · Moffitt et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11925794B2 · Malkin et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11931073B2 · Walsh et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11931528B2 · Rohl et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11931588B2 · Aghassian · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 11986274B2 · Edelman · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 12017076B2 · Tan et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 12023476B2 · Tuval et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 12029891B2 · Siess et al. · 2024 [cited by applicant]
US 20010016686A1 · Okada et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20010037093A1 · Benkowski et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20010039828A1 · Shin et al. · 2001 [cited by applicant]
US 20020147495A1 · Petroff · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20020151761A1 · Viole et al. · 2002 [cited by applicant]
US 20030069465A1 · Benkowski et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030130581A1 · Salo et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030139643A1 · Smith et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030167002A1 · Nagar et al. · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20030191357A1 · Frazier · 2003 [cited by applicant]
US 20040022640A1 · Siess et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040044266A1 · Siess et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040065143A1 · Husher · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040130009A1 · Tangpuz · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040167376A1 · Peters et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040167410A1 · Hettrick · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040225177A1 · Coleman et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040241019A1 · Goldowsky · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20040260346A1 · Overall et al. · 2004 [cited by applicant]
US 20050001324A1 · Dunn · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050019167A1 · Nusser et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050107658A1 · Brockway · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050126268A1 · Ouriev et al. · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20050267322A1 · LaRose · 2005 [cited by applicant]
US 20060030809A1 · Barzilay et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060108697A1 · Wang · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060108901A1 · Mao-Chin et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060122583A1 · Pesach et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060196277A1 · Allen et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060229488A1 · Ayre et al. · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060287600A1 · McEowen · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20060287604A1 · Hickey · 2006 [cited by applicant]
US 20070060787A1 · Peters et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070073352A1 · Euler et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070088214A1 · Shuros et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070156006A1 · Smith et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070255352A1 · Roline et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070266778A1 · Corey et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070282209A1 · Lui et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20070299325A1 · Farrell et al. · 2007 [cited by applicant]
US 20080015517A1 · Geistert et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080082005A1 · Stern et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080091239A1 · Johansson et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080097595A1 · Gabbay · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080102096A1 · Molin et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080108901A1 · Baba et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080108930A1 · Weitzel et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080133006A1 · Crosby et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080146996A1 · Smisson · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080210016A1 · Zwirn et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080262289A1 · Goldowsky · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080262361A1 · Gutfinger et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080269822A1 · Ljungstrom et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080275339A1 · Thiemann et al. · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20080306328A1 · Ercolani · 2008 [cited by applicant]
US 20090024042A1 · Nunez et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090025459A1 · Zhang et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090064755A1 · Fleischli et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090105799A1 · Hekmat et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090131765A1 · Roschak et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090204163A1 · Shuros et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090226328A1 · Morello · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20090312650A1 · Maile et al. · 2009 [cited by applicant]
US 20100010354A1 · Skerl et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100082099A1 · Vodermayer et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100087742A1 · Bishop et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100160801A1 · Takatani et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100219967A1 · Kaufmann · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100222632A1 · Poirier · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100222633A1 · Poirier · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100222635A1 · Poirier · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100222878A1 · Poirier · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100268017A1 · Siess · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100298625A1 · Reichenbach et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20100324378A1 · Tran et al. · 2010 [cited by applicant]
US 20110004075A1 · Stahmann et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110022057A1 · Eigler et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110071336A1 · Yomtov · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110144744A1 · Wampler · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110184301A1 · Holmstrom · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110218435A1 · Srinivasan et al. · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20110230068A1 · Pahl · 2011 [cited by applicant]
US 20120022645A1 · Burke · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120084024A1 · Norcross, Jr. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120150089A1 · Penka et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120203476A1 · Dam · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120247200A1 · Ahonen et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120310037A1 · Choi et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20120330214A1 · Peters et al. · 2012 [cited by applicant]
US 20130041204A1 · Heilman et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130046129A1 · Medvedev et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130066141A1 · Doerr et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130072846A1 · Heide et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130116575A1 · Mickle et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130144379A1 · Najafi et al. · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130289376A1 · Lang · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20130303831A1 · Evans · 2013 [cited by applicant]
US 20140005467A1 · Farnan et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140013852A1 · Brown et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140100414A1 · Tamez et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140114202A1 · Hein et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140128659A1 · Heuring et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140200389A1 · Yanai et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140243688A1 · Caron et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140275720A1 · Ferrari · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140296677A1 · McEowen · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140303426A1 · Kerkhoffs et al. · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20140342203A1 · Elian · 2014 [cited by applicant]
US 20150032007A1 · Ottevanger et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150141832A1 · Yu et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150141842A1 · Spanier et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150157216A1 · Stigall et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150174307A1 · Eckman et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150190092A1 · Mori · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150250935A1 · Anderson et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150273184A1 · Scott et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150290372A1 · Muller et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150306290A1 · Rosenberg et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150306291A1 · Bonde et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150307344A1 · Ernst · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150327921A1 · Govari · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150335804A1 · Marseille et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20150365738A1 · Purvis et al. · 2015 [cited by applicant]
US 20160000983A1 · Mohl et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160008531A1 · Wang et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160022889A1 · Bluvshtein et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160022890A1 · Schwammenthal et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160045165A1 · Braido et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160095968A1 · Rudser · 2016 [cited by applicant]
US 20160101230A1 · Ochsner et al. · 2016 [cited by applicant]
Cited By (9)
US 12,377,256 US 12,478,267 US 12,491,357 US 12,502,524 US 12,508,418 US 12,569,671 US 12,667,714 US 12,702,816 US 12,702,821