Layered composite articles and methods of making same
Disclosed are layered composite articles comprising: a) a rigid backing portion comprising a rigid core having a first surface and an opposed second surface, wherein the rigid core comprises at least one densified fiber batt and wherein the at least one densified fiber batt is comprised of a first plurality of oriented fibers having a first melting point and a second plurality of oriented fibers having a second melting point different from the first melting point; and b) a decorative portion having a first surface and an opposed second surface, wherein the second surface of the decorative portion is affixed to the first surface of the rigid core. Also disclosed herein are methods of making the same.
1 . A layered composite article, comprising:
a) a rigid backing portion comprising a rigid core having a first surface and an opposed second surface,
wherein the rigid core comprises at least a first densified fiber batt and a second densified fiber batt,
wherein each of the first densified fiber batt and the second densified fiber batt comprises respective first plurality of fibers and respective second plurality of fibers,
wherein the first plurality of fibers of the first densified fiber batt has a melting point different from a melting point of the second plurality of fibers of the first densified fiber batt,
wherein the first plurality of fibers of the second densified fiber batt has a melting point different from a melting point of the second plurality of fibers of the second densified fiber batt,
i) wherein the first plurality of fibers of the first densified fiber batt comprises single component polyester fibers having a first melting point, and the second plurality of fibers of the first densified fiber batt comprises sheath-core multi-component fibers comprising a polyester having the first melting point as a core component and a polyester having a second melting point as a sheath component, and wherein the second melting point is different from the first melting point, wherein the first densified fiber batt comprises at least 30% by weight of the sheath-core multi-component fibers, or
wherein the first plurality of fibers of the second densified fiber batt comprises single component polyester fibers having a first melting point, and the second plurality of fibers of the second densified fiber batt comprises sheath-core multi-component fibers comprising a polyester having the first melting point as a core component and a polyester having a second melting point as a sheath component, wherein the second melting point is different from the first melting point, and wherein the second densified fiber batt comprises at least 30% by weight of the sheath-core multi-component fibers,
wherein the first densified fiber batt and the second densified fiber batt have different densities, and
wherein the rigid core is needlepunched, and
b) a decorative portion having a first surface and an opposed second surface, wherein the second surface of the decorative portion is affixed to the first surface of the rigid core,
wherein the decorative portion comprises: 1) an aesthetic layer comprising a film, a woven material, a veneer of slate, a veneer of ceramic, a veneer of stone, a veneer of wood, or a veneer of cork, or 2) a printed image layer, wherein the aesthetic layer or the printed image layer is directly affixed to a first surface of the first densified fiber batt or the second densified fiber batt, and
wherein the first surface of the rigid core is the first surface of the first densified fiber batt or the second densified fiber batt.
2 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the layered composite article further comprises a densified layer comprising a non-fibrous composition.
3 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of fibers of the first densified fiber batt or the first plurality of fibers of the second densified fiber batt comprises a staple fiber, a bulk continuous fiber, or a combination thereof.
4 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the second plurality of fibers of the first densified fiber batt or the second plurality of fibers of the second densified fiber batt comprises a staple fiber, a bulk continuous fiber, or a combination thereof.
5 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the first densified fiber batt further comprises a third plurality of fibers or wherein the second densified fiber batt further comprises a third plurality of fibers.
6 . The layered composite article of claim 5 , wherein the third plurality of fibers has a third melting point different from the first melting point or the second melting point.
7 . The layered composite article of claim 5 , wherein the third plurality of fibers comprises a natural fiber.
8 . The layered composite article of claim 7 , wherein the natural fiber comprises bast fibers, cotton, cellulose, wool, silk, linen, mineral, coconut, glass or any combination thereof.
9 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the rigid core is substantially free of a PVC material.
10 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the rigid core is substantially free of a wood based material.
11 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the rigid core further comprises a filler.
12 . The layered composite article of claim 11 , wherein the filler comprises calcium carbonate, aluminum trihydrate, barite, feldspar, cullet, fly ash, kaolin clay, limestone, polyurethane foam, rubber, thermoplastic powder, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), or wollastonite, or any combination thereof.
13 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of fibers or the second plurality of fibers of the first densified fiber batt, or the first plurality of fibers or the second plurality of fibers of the second densified fiber batt comprises reclaimed fibers.
14 . The layered composite article of claim 13 , wherein the reclaimed fibers comprise post-consumer fiber.
15 . The layered composite article of claim 13 , wherein the reclaimed fibers comprise post-industrial fiber.
16 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the rigid core has a thickness in the range of from about 1.0 mm to about 12 mm.
17 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the rigid core is permeable to moisture.
18 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the layered composite article exhibits a radiant flux test ratings of Class I according to ASTM E-648.
19 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the layered composite article exhibits a residual indentation of less than 8% of total product thickness, when measured according to ASTM F1914-07(2011).
20 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the layered composite article does not require an acclimation period to equalize component stress.
21 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the decorative portion comprises the printed image layer.
22 . The layered composite article of claim 21 , wherein the printed image layer is printed or otherwise transferred on a surface of the decorative portion.
23 . The layered composite article of claim 21 , wherein the printed image layer is printed or otherwise transferred on a surface of any visible layer.
24 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the decorative portion is affixed to the first surface of the rigid core by needling.
25 . The layered composite article of claim 24 , wherein the decorative portion affixed by needling is further heat pressed to the first surface of the rigid core.
26 . The layered composite article of claim 24 , wherein the decorative portion comprises the printed image layer and is formed by direct printing after the decorative portion is affixed to the first surface of the rigid core.
27 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the decorative portion comprises the image layer and further comprises a wear layer adhered to the image layer.
28 . The layered composite article of claim 27 , wherein the wear layer comprises at least one of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG), polyurethane, polyurethane reactive hotmelt adhesive (PUR), polypropylene, polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide.
29 . The layered composite article of claim 27 , wherein the wear layer comprises at least one of: heat stabilized biaxially-oriented PET (BoPET), amorphous PET (aPET), recycled PET (rPET), polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PETG), polyolefin, cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), cyclic olefin polymer (COP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polylactic acid (PLA) copolymers, nylon, cellulose acetate, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), polycarbonate, polyethylene (PE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), or a copolymer thereof.
30 . The layered composite article of claim 27 , wherein the wear layer has a thickness up to about 30 mil.
31 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein a top surface of the decorative portion is embossed or embossed in register.
32 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the layered composite article is a composite flooring article.
33 . The layered composite article of claim 32 , wherein the composite flooring article is configured as a panel, a plank, a sheet, a board, or a tile.
34 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the first densified fiber batt or the second densified fiber batt has a density from about 45 lb/ft 3 to about 100 lb/ft 3 .
35 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the rigid core as a whole has a density from 45 lb/ft 3 to about 100 lb/ft 3 ; and wherein the opposed second surface of the rigid core defines an outer most surface of the layered composite article and wherein the opposed second surface of the rigid core does not contact an additional layer in the layered composite article.
36 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the densified fiber batt comprises at least 50% by weight of the multi-component fiber.
37 . The layered composite article of claim 1 , wherein the opposed second surface of the decorative portion comprises PET.
38 . A layered composite article, comprising:
a) a rigid backing portion comprising a rigid core having a first surface and an opposed second surface,
wherein the rigid core comprises a first densified fiber batt and a second densified fiber batt,
wherein at least one of the first densified fiber batt or the second densified fiber batt comprises respective first plurality of fibers and respective second plurality of fibers,
wherein the first plurality of fibers of the first densified fiber batt has a melting point different from a melting point of the second plurality of fibers of the first densified fiber batt,
wherein the first plurality of fibers of the second densified fiber batt has a melting point different from a melting point of the second plurality of fibers of the second densified fiber batt,
i) wherein the first plurality of fibers of the first densified fiber batt comprises single component polyester fibers having a first melting point, and the second plurality of fibers of the first densified fiber batt comprises sheath-core multi-component fibers comprising a polyester having the first melting point as a core component and a polyester having a second melting point as a sheath component, wherein the second melting point is different from the first melting point, and wherein the first densified fiber batt comprises at least 30% by weight of the sheath-core multi-component fibers, or
wherein the first plurality of fibers of the second densified fiber batt comprises single component polyester fibers having a first melting point, and the second plurality of fibers of the second densified fiber batt comprises sheath-core multi-component fibers comprising a polyester having the first melting point as a core component and a polyester having a second melting point as a sheath component, wherein the second melting point is different from the first melting point, and wherein the second densified fiber batt comprises at least 30% by weight of the sheath-core multi-component fibers,
wherein the rigid core is needlepunched,
wherein the first densified fiber batt and the second densified fiber batt have different densities, and
wherein at least one of the first densified fiber batt or the second densified fiber batt has a density from 30 lb/ft 3 to about 100 lb/ft 3 ;
and
b) a decorative portion having a first surface and an opposed second surface, wherein the second surface of the decorative portion is affixed to the first surface of the rigid core,
wherein the decorative portion comprises: 1) an aesthetic layer comprising a film, a woven material, a veneer of slate, a veneer of ceramic, a veneer of stone, a veneer of wood, or a veneer of cork, or 2) a printed image layer, wherein the aesthetic layer or the printed image layer is directly affixed to a first surface of the first densified fiber batt or the second densified fiber batt,
wherein the first surface of the rigid core is the first surface of the first densified fiber batt or the second densified fiber batt.
39 . A method of making the layered composite article of claim 1 comprising:
a) forming the rigid backing portion;
b) forming the decorative portion;
c) directly affixing the second surface of the decorative portion to the first surface of the rigid core; and
d) needle punching the rigid core.
40 . A method of making the layered composite article of claim 38 comprising:
a) forming the rigid backing portion;
b) forming the decorative portion; and
c) directly affixing the second surface of the decorative portion to the first surface of the rigid core.