Superconducting signal amplifier
The various embodiments described herein include methods, devices, and systems for fabricating and operating superconducting circuitry. In one aspect, an electronic system includes: (1) a first circuit that includes a plurality of superconducting wires connected in parallel with one another, the plurality of superconducting wires including: (a) a first superconducting wire with a corresponding first threshold superconducting current; and (b) a second superconducting wire; (2) a second circuit connected in parallel to the first circuit; (3) a first current source coupled to the first superconducting wire and configured to selectively supply a first current; and (4) a second current source coupled to a combination of the first circuit and the second circuit and configured to supply a second current such that the plurality of superconducting wires operate in a superconducting state; where a combination of the first current and the second current exceeds the first threshold superconducting current.
1. A system, comprising:
a first circuit that includes a plurality of superconducting wires connected in parallel with one another, the plurality of superconducting wires including:
a first superconducting wire with a corresponding first threshold superconducting current; and
a second superconducting wire;
a second circuit connected in parallel to the first circuit;
a first current source coupled to the first superconducting wire and configured to selectively supply a first current; and
a second current source coupled to a combination of the first circuit and the second circuit and configured to supply a second current such that the plurality of superconducting wires operate in a superconducting state;
wherein the second superconducting wire is longer than the first superconducting wire, and
wherein a combination of the first current and the second current exceeds the first threshold superconducting current.
2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a thermally-conductive material coupling the first superconducting wire and the second superconducting wire.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the first superconducting wire and the second superconducting wire comprise a first layer, and wherein the thermally-conductive material comprises a second layer adjacent to the first layer.
4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the thermally-conductive material is located between the first superconducting wire and the second superconducting wire.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first superconducting wire is capacitively coupled to the second superconducting wire.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
supplying the first current to the first superconducting wire with the first current source causes at least the first superconducting wire to cease to operate in the superconducting state and subsequently causes the second superconducting wire to cease to operate in the superconducting state.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
supplying the first current to the first superconducting wire causes two or more superconducting wires of the plurality of superconducting wires, other than the first superconducting wire, to sequentially cease to operate in a superconducting state subsequent to the first superconducting wire ceasing to operate in the superconducting state, thereby redirecting at least a portion of the second current to the second circuit.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the two or more superconducting wires of the plurality of superconducting wires sequentially cease to operate in the superconducting state due, at least in part, to being capacitively and/or thermally coupled to the first superconducting wire.
9. The system of claim 1 , wherein:
the first superconducting wire has a first length;
a constriction is defined on the first superconducting wire so that the constriction narrows a width of the first superconducting wire for a portion of the first length; and
the first threshold superconducting current for the first superconducting wire is determined based at least in part on a representative size of the constriction.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein each superconducting wire of the plurality of superconducting wires comprises a respective portion of a thin film sheet, the thin film sheet defining a respective gap separating each superconducting wire of the plurality of superconducting wires.
11. A method, comprising:
providing an amplification current to a first circuit that includes a plurality of superconducting wires connected in parallel with one another;
while the plurality of superconducting wires is operating in a superconducting state, supplying an additional current to a first superconducting wire of the plurality of superconducting wires so that current supplied to the first superconducting wire exceeds a first threshold superconducting current of the first superconducting wire;
in response to supplying the additional current to the first superconducting wire, transitioning the first superconducting wire from the superconducting state to a non-superconducting state;
subsequent the transition of the first superconducting wire from the superconducting state to the non-superconducting state:
transitioning the remainder of the superconducting wires of the plurality of superconducting wires from the superconducting state to the non-superconducting state; and
directing the amplification current to a second circuit that is connected in parallel to the first circuit.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of superconducting wires is thermally and/or capacitively coupled to one another.
13. The method of claim 11 , including:
in conjunction with transitioning the first superconducting wire from the superconducting state to the non-superconducting state, generating heat with the first superconducting wire; and
transferring at least a portion of the heat generated with the first superconducting wire to a second superconducting wire of the plurality of superconducting wires.
14. The method of claim 11 , including:
in conjunction with transitioning the first superconducting wire from the superconducting state to the non-superconducting state, inducing a displacement current in a second superconducting wire of the plurality of superconducting wires.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein transitioning the remainder of the superconducting wires of the plurality of superconducting wires from the superconducting state to the non-superconducting state comprises triggering, via the additional current, a cascade effect in the plurality of superconducting wires due, at least in part, to thermal and/or capacitive coupling between adjacent ones of the plurality of superconducting wires.
16. An electronic device, comprising:
a plurality of superconducting wires connected in parallel with one another, the plurality of superconducting wires including:
a first superconducting wire having a first threshold superconducting current; and
a second superconducting wire having a second threshold superconducting current that is greater than the first threshold superconducting current;
wherein:
the first superconducting wire has a first length; and
a constriction is defined on the first superconducting wire so that the constriction narrows a width of the first superconducting wire for a portion of the first length.
17. The electronic device of claim 16 , wherein: the first superconducting wire is connected to a supply wire for providing an input current.
18. An electronic device, comprising:
a plurality of superconducting wires connected in parallel with one another, the plurality of superconducting wires including:
a first superconducting wire having a first threshold superconducting current; and
a second superconducting wire having a second threshold superconducting current that is greater than the first threshold superconducting current;
wherein the first superconducting wire is positioned so as to be capacitively-coupled to the second superconducting wire.
19. An electronic device, comprising:
a plurality of superconducting wires connected in parallel with one another, the plurality of superconducting wires including:
a first superconducting wire having a first threshold superconducting current; and
a second superconducting wire having a second threshold superconducting current that is greater than the first threshold superconducting current;
wherein the first superconducting wire is thermally-coupled to the second superconducting wire.